I. INTRODUCTION The crankshaft is a structural component which converts the linear piston movement into rotary motion while the force connecting rod is transformed to torque. Crankshaft consists of two web and crankpin on which connecting rod is connected. A crankshaft is subjected to several forces that vary in magnitude and direction (multiaxial loading). Bending stress and shear stress due to twisting are also common stresses acting on crankshafts. The crankshaft main journals rotate in a set of supporting bearings (main bearings), causing the offset rod journals to rotate in a circular path (translation movement) around the main journal centers. The diameter of that path is the engine stroke when the piston moves up and down in its cylinder. …show more content…
Fonte, P. Duarte, L. Reis, M. Freitas, V. Infante (2015) in this paper investigation is carried on two damaged crankshafts of single cylinder diesel engines used in agricultural services for several purposes. Recurrent damages of these crankshafts type have happened after approximately 100 h in service. The root cause never was imputed to the manufacturer. The fatigue design and an accurate prediction of fatigue life are of primordial importance to insure the safety of these components and its reliability. This study firstly presents a short review on fatigue power shafts for supporting the failure mode analysis, which can lead to determine the root cause of failure. The material of these damaged crankshafts has the same chemical composition to others found where the same type of fracture occurred at least ten years ago. A finite element analysis was also carried out in order to find the critical zones where high stress concentrations are present. Results showed a clear failure by fatigue under low stress and high cyclic fatigue on crankpins. [4] III. MODELLING AND COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS The materials used for the crankshaft are five which are based on their composition. Building an accurate and reliable calculating model is one of the key steps of analysis with finite element analysis. During the model development, the geometry of the finite element model should be built according to the real one as close as possible. However, if the structure of the object is complex, it can be very difficult to build the model in accordance with the real one. In the model built below crankshaft is simplified. The model was created using Creo 2.0
“Crank” by Ellen Hopkins tells the story of a teenage girl, modeled after her own daughter, who becomes addicted methamphetamine, known on the streets as “crank”. The story follows Kristina's downward spiral as she attempts to feed her addiction and copes with the consequences of the decisions she makes.
Diesel mechanics fix and maintain every part associated with the diesel engine. There are many different branches of diesel technology which can include construction and farm equipment, over the road trucks, light duty pickups and stationary engines to name a few. A mechanic must be familiar with major brands of engines like Cummins and Cat. They can perform simple tasks of swapping out a bad component to completely overhauling an engine. The median pay for mechanics is “$42,320 per year or $20.35 per hour (United States).” When overtime hours are reached mechanics receive one and a half times pay for work performed. Negative parts of the job are the amount of overtime hours, the dirtiness of the work, and the cost of tools. Positive parts of the job are overtime pay, hands on, and traveling for work. The job outlook for growth in the diesel field “is projected to grow 9 percent from 2012 to 2022, about as fast as the average for all occupations (United States).” The field of diesel mechanics is still growing today and will continue for a...
Crank & Caldero (2004) discuss the notion of the noble cause that is widely used by police officers to justify their actions. Police officers feel that there are many obstacles that prevent them to do their job efficiently. They claim that courts only hinder the process of putting criminals behind bars. They also believe that they are true patriots with a noble cause of getting rid of bad guys. To further prove their point Crank & Caldero (2004) use works of many authors, who wrote about police ethics and corruption and about how the noble cause is interpreted by police officers. Each of the authors discusses a dilemma with which polices officers have to deal when deciding what action they need to take in order to deal with criminals. Cumulatively, it seems that police conduct themselves towards criminals and citizens with hostility and with actions that maybe constituted as unlawful and corruptive in nature. But to the police officers, who are seeking justice and are driven by a noble cause, all means are good to get the bad guys. There is also a philosophical twist that puts a poli...
The Physics Behind the Power of an Engine Insert the key, turn, and vroom. And down the road you go. Most people take for granted the strange conglomeration of metal and plastic under that sheet of metal, either in front or back of their vehicle. The engine, as you may have guessed, is a modern marvel- so to speak. They’re found in cars, trucks, boats, airplanes.
Thorr Motorcycles is a company that manufactures 200,000 motorcycles a year. It also licenses T-shirts, shoes, leather goods, toys, and other consumer items. The company currently has a high-brand image manufacturing high-end motorcycles and owns approximately forty percent of market share.
Fatigue failure can be divided in three parts i.e. Crack initiation, Crack propagation and Final rupture.
Sharp’s business philosophy is to use its innovative technology “to contribute to the culture, benefits and welfare of people throughout the world” (Noda 25). Sharp is constantly trying to position itself as a leader in innovation as further supported by its business creed, which states to “constantly be aware of the need to innovate and improve” (Noda 25). However, this focus on innovation and creativity has not always been consistent with how the company has been operated. The history of the company is replete with periods of both innovation and imitation.
How this marvel of engineering works is the rotor rides on an offset in the crankshaft, similar to a piston nand connecting rod assembly, and is rotated in an oval shaped case with ports for intake, exhaust and spark plugs. Incorporated into the rotor is a ring gear which had another gear that is stationary in the center, this planetary gear set is what keeps the rotor in time with the rest of the engine. The rotor creates three sealed areas where the different strokes will take place simultaneously, these three areas are sealed by strip of metal called the Apex seal which have the same function as the piston rings in a traditional internal combustion engine. The intake and ...
The diesel engines combustion process is a little different than the typical gasoline engine. A couple main things that diesel engines have that gasoline engines do not are, carburetors and spark plugs. Unlike a gasoline engine, air is first allowed into the cylinder rather than a fuel and air mixture. Once the air is compressed it creates a source of heat, then a mist of fuel is injected to start the combustion process which then creates the energy. Since diesel engines do not have spark plugs they are able to take in larger amount of fuel, this obviously means there will be more power and will guarantee better efficiency. Another thing that is very important is that diesel tends to be a better lubricant than gasoline, being that it is a better lubricant there will be less friction which will generally increase the life of the engine (Woodford). Diesel engines operate at slower speeds than gasoline engines, therefore diesel engines tend to have longer lifespans than gasoline
The Body Shop International case is an interesting case study into the miscommunication of owners and stockholder interests with regard to financial conditions. Anita Roddick, the founder of The Body Shop had no financial experience and thought that all she needed to do was expand her business and the financing would take shape as she developed her business. While Anita’s product concept of a natural skin-care line was good; her lack of experience in financial matters took its toll on her business.
Calyx & Corolla was a new entrant into the $8 billion flower industry in the United States in 1991. Through the use of overnight air freight (Fed Ex), information technology, an 800 number, and a catalog, Calyx & Corolla was able to bypass three layers of distribution and provide fresh flowers directly from growers to consumers. As a result of their efficient distribution system, Calyx and Corolla changed the way flowers were distributed to consumers.
In my undergraduate years, I have acquired a strong background in the fundamentals of basic mechanical engineering, having studied subjects such as Strength of Materials, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Design of Machine Elements and Automobile Engineering. Whilst pursuing my diploma & degree courses, my interest for Automotive Engineering grew even more having learnt more on the different types of internal combustion engines, their configuration and importance. However, what I lacked was a practical understanding on these core areas of Automotive Engineering. To gain a better understandi...
The connecting rod or con rod connects the piston to the crank or crank shaft. Together with the crank, they form a simple mechanism that converts reciprocating motion into rotating motion. As a connecting rod is rigid, it may transmit either a push or a pull and so the rod may rotate the crank through both halves of a revolution, i.e. piston pushing and piston pulling. In modern automotive internal combustion engines, the connecting rods are most usually made of steel for production engines, but can be made of T6-2024 and T651-7075 aluminum alloys, or titanium. There are different types of materials and production methods used in the creation of connecting rods. The most common types of connecting rods are steel and aluminum. The most common type of manufacturing processes is casting, forging and powdered metallurgy. Connecting rods are subject to tension and compression loads. A connecting rod is an engine component that transfers motion from the piston to the crankshaft and functions as a lever arm. Connecting rods are commonly made from cast aluminum alloy and are
The invention of internal combustion engines in the early 19th century has led to the discovery of utilisation of cheap energy that is petroleum and this enabled the world to develop and progress into the modern world today. Humans were able to accomplish more work done with little manual labour, using internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels. Internal combustion engine are mechanical power devices that convert heat energy to mechanical energy with the combustion process taking place in a system boundary (Rolle, 2005). Among the internal combustion engine invented in the 19th century were the Otto engine, Diesel engine and gas turbine engine. Gas turbine engine is one of the popular engines used today due to its high torque per weight ratio relative to other types of internal combustion engines. As explained by Cengel and Boles (2011), the gas turbine engine works on a 6 stages process, namely air intake, compression, fuel injection, combustion, expansion and exhaust (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
delivering power instantly to the wheels. By providing high torque at low speeds, they give a feel