Copyright laws are laws that restrict users of certain information, such as literature works and computer programs, from distributing that information. They are based on the belief that those who discover information should have some control over who can use that information. The control is mostly intended to allow the discoverers to make money through distributing the knowledge only to those who pay them. However, such control is inherently inefficient and infringes on the rights of the users to obtain the information they need. Copyright laws should be abolished because they are economically unsound.
If a person obtains information, his or her decision-making capability is likely to improve, thus benefiting both the person and other people. Using information does not hurt its original discoverers since the only direct impact is on the user and the decisions made. Thus, obtaining and using information is generally beneficial regardless of whether it violates copyright laws.
By infringing on peoples' rights to obtain, use, and give information, copyright laws prevent people from reaching correct decisions (or at least slow down decision making) and thus are inherently inefficient. For example, because copyright restrictions require payment of high license fees, many businesses skip the upgrade to Microsoft Office XP despite its important productivity enhancements. A study showed that tasks requiring 43minutes with Office 2000 are accomplished in mere 20minutes with Office XP--over 100% productivity improvement (Microsoft Office XP vs. Office 2000 Comparison Test Public Report). However, the proportion of businesses likely to upgrade from Office 2000 during the first year of Office XP is 8%, second year--12%, and after sec...
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...imian's Volunteer 'Army' Fights Microsoft on Open-Source Code." The Washington Post. September 5, 2001. Internet. Accessed: 19 Dec 2001. Available: http://www.washtech.com/news/software/12296-1.html.
Mariano, Gwendolyn. "Napster rivals winning popularity contest." CNET News.com. November 5, 2001. Internet. Accessed: 19 Dec 2001. Available: http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-7788007.html?tag=rltdnws.
"Microsoft Office XP vs. Office 2000 Comparison Test Public Report." American Institutes for Research. May 23, 2001. Internet. Accessed: 19 Dec 2001. Available: http://www.microsoft.com/office/evaluation/indepth/XPvs2000.doc.
Smiley, Kenneth. "Microsoft Office XP Migration Planning." GIGA information group. March 28, 2001. Internet. Accessed: 19 Dec 2001. Available: http://www.microsoft.com/Partner/businessresources/SalesResources/CaseStudies/XP_Migration.doc.
...aining and which will not. The research on muscle activating pattern should be helpful in determining why strength training helps some patients and not others. Researchers should also include more participants for these studies.
Microcredit, as described by Isserles, is a development “scam” which destroys the lives of Third World peoples. To her, these small loans falsely identify women, and others, as being worthy of credit, but the agreement’s terms subjugate them to continued financial dependency on microcredit loans. The First world hails this program as a success because aid is just a handout while microloans are a way of creating self-reliance through the market. Isserles states that the market becomes the solution to the “temporary” state of poverty, and this idea is due to a disconnect between the First World and the Third World. Projects claim to support women through finance, yet they refuse to alter the labor and domestic conditions of women across the world.
Muscles come in all shapes and sizes and around 700 of them call the human body their home. This human body system is responsible for both conscious and unconscious movement. Muscles help make up almost every area of the human body and enable us to do many, if not most, of our daily routines. About half of our weight is due to muscle mass. Each one is made up of nerves, skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, and tendons. As we age, a variety of problems can arise as our muscles get older and older. However, there are certain things we can do currently that will help improve our future muscular health.
Ruan, S, Wang, W, Levin, S,A, et. al. 2006. ‘The Effect of Global Travel on the Spread of SARS’ Mathematical Biosciences and engineering 3: 205-218
Before the 1990’s, if people want to listen to music, they just visit a music store and pick up a CD and then put it into a stereo equipment. However, the development of MP3 file format gradually changed the way people listen to music. This format lets everyone download music easily and it can be converted to CD as well. But, there is still a problem: searching MP3 files on the internet is maddening and people seldom can find the music they want. Therefore, the birth of Napster solved this problem, creating a virtual music community in which music fans could use the Web as a “swap meet” for music files. More importantly, Napster is easy to use and it’s free, which expands the range of audience in age. Bandwidth also contributed to Napster’s success. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the file can be transferred. So, Napster really changed the way people listen to music, discover music and interact with music.
Shulman, Ernest. "Edgar Allan Poe: Drawing The Line Between Self-Destructive Life Style And Actual Suicide." Omega: Journal Of Death & Dying 34.1 (1996): 0. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 May 2014.
The Internet. It is a vast network of millions of users, surfing and sharing billions of files, all day, every day. To individuals holding copyrights on intellectual property, this is a frightening proposition. After all, there is virtually no protection for these copyright holders from the misuse of their property. But, as Scott Sullivan, writer for The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin stated, “as history has proven, technological and societal advances usually come with a price.” The price society is paying for the Internet is a loss of copyright protection by laws for their intellectual material.
Music Copyright is a very important aspect of the music industry. The Copyright law was established to preserve the creativity and rights of authors, composers, performers of expression. Copyright is the law that protects the property rights of the creator of an original work in a fixed tangible medium. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/copyright) A fixed tangible medium is something substantial like copying lyrics on paper or putting a song on tape or CD. Copyright can be seen every where in the music industry. Many music artist of our culture today have been involved in copyright issues. Recently, on MTV news it was stated that, "As the music industry becomes increasingly concerned about protecting the integrity of artists copyrights in the age of MP3. Prince has now filed a motion in New York federal court aimed at shutting down several websites offering free downloads of the Artist's songs." (http://www.mtv.com…19990304/prince.jhtml) In addition, in recent music news, "Nine Inch Nails lead man Trent Reznor copyright infringement suit was dismissed. Another artist claimed that the Reznor had stolen material for his last album." (http://www.mtv.com…19991202/nine_inch_nails.jhtml) The copyright law has become an important legal aspect to know our music generation.
Murray, M.2006. The epidemiology of SARS. In SARS in China: Prelude to pandemic?, ed. A. Kleinman and J. Watson, 17-30. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Micro-loaning is designed to break the cycle of poverty by allowing low income residents access to outside funds, which they were previously restricted from. These funds give the opportunity to participate in investments, such as small businesses, and create a steady flow of income. Micro-loaning provides financial services for those who might have low or no income, as well as not having the official documents required when applying for a regular loan. With the goal of low interest and easy application, micro-loaning appears to the most efficient, alternative way of alleviating poverty. To help gain a better understanding of micro-loaning; we will explore the micro-finance history and its organization, poverty and the target subject of this organization, and the benefits and backfires of providing these services.
Microcredit can be defined as small loans, or microloans, for people around the world in extreme poverty to help spur entrepreneurship. The issue of microcredit is extremely important in the world’s economy. Poverty alleviation and economic development are the primary goals of microcredit programs, that is why they began in the developing countries of Asia and Latin America, economist Muhammad Yunus and his Grameen Bank in Bangladesh are credited of pioneering this financial innovation (Smith, Thurman, 2007). After acquiring a loan, impoverished people get involved in self-employment projects that help them to start a business and begin generating income and in many cases leave poverty. Microcredit offers loans to poor people without requesting any financial history from them. These loans help to improve the quality of life of individuals and communities through commitment. In recent years, the idea of giving small loans to poor people became the darling of the development world, giving a way to propel even the poorest people into better lives (Jolis, 2011).
The first reason why downloading and uploading copyrighted materials from the Internet should be legal is that downloading copyrighted materials positively affects the economy. The European Commission Joint Research Center reported that the profits of music companies would be 2% lower if uploading and downloading copyrighted materials were banned. However, music companies are able to acquire more profits despite illegal downloading because many people tend to purchase CDs or DVDs after watching or listening to copyrighted materials for free. Moreover, the research showed that people who download music illegally spent more money to buy music than people who did not download illegally. In addition, research conducted by the Swiss government informed that one-third of Swiss people downloaded copyrighted materials from the Internet because personal use of copyrighted materials is legal in Switzerland. Even though there is a fact that many people can download copyrighted materials from the Internet legally in Switzerland, the amount of money that people spend to buy copyrighted materials is not f...
The first and arguably most common effect of poverty on society is its financial impact (Veritta, 2008). In many of the societies that experienced significantly high levels of poverty, debt was increasingly common, and especially debt accrued from moneylenders (Hatcher, 2016). For many individuals living in poverty, access to financial services such as banking is often stifled and rudimentary, making it difficult for such individuals to access self-improvement loans at standard and fair rates (Yoshikawa, Aber, & Beardslee, 2012). For these individuals, moneylenders are the best option available, which results in them paying exorbitant interest rates. The interconnection between poverty and finance, however, is cyclic in nature. The lack of finances or access to financial services causes poverty, which in turn causes an isolation of individuals from finances and financial services (Hickey & du Toit, 2013). This makes poverty a fairly complex problem to
A copyright is a legal means that gives the creator of mythical, imaginative, musical, or other creative work the solitary right to publish and sell that work. Copyright owners have the right to manage the reproduction of their work, including the right to receive imbursement for that reproduction. An author may contribute or sell those rights to others, including publishers or recording corporations. Breach of a copyright is called copyright
Microfinance refers to provision of financial services to poor or low-income clients, including consumers and self-employed.in other words, it refers to a movement that envisions “a world in which as many poor and near-poor households as possible have permanent access to an appropriate range of high quality financial services, it includes not just credit but also savings, insurance, and fund transfers.”. Promoter’s microfinance generally believes that such access will help poor people out of poverty.