Occlusion the performance of the face recognition algorithms under occlusion is in general poor. The face may be occluded by other objects in the scene or by sunglasses or other things. Occlusion may be unintentional or intentional. Under some conditions subjects may be motivated to thwart recognition efforts by covering portions of their face. Since in many situations, the goal is to recognize none or even un-cooperating subjects. Time delay Faces change over time. There are changes in hair style, makeup, muscle tension and appearance of the skin, presence or absence of facial hair, glasses, or facial jewellery, and over longer periods effects related to aging. Pose Some unavoidable problems appear in the variety of practical applications, such as, the people are not always frontal to the camera, so the pose problem is a big obstacle for the face recognition system to be prevalence .In essence, the difference between the same people under the varied poses is larger than the difference between the distinct persons under the same pose. So it is difficult for the computer to do the face identification when the poses of the probe and gallery images are different. Pose variation still presents a challenge for face recognition. Frontal training images have better performance to novel poses than do non-frontal training images. For a frontal training pose, can achieve reasonable recognition rates of above 90 percent. Illumination Pure illumination changes on the face are handled well by current face recognition algorithms. However, face recognition systems have difficulties in extreme illumination conditions in which significant parts of the face are invisible. Furthermore, it can become particularly difficult when illumination is cou... ... middle of paper ... ...d be important to determine. • The influence of racial or ethnic differences on algorithm performance could not be examined due to the homogeneity of racial and ethnic backgrounds in the databases. While large databases with ethnic variation are available, they lack the parametric variation in lighting, shape, pose and other factors that were the focus of this investigation. • Faces change dramatically with development, but the influence of change with development on algorithm performance could not be examined. • While we were able to examine the combined effects of some factors, databases are needed that support examination of all ecologically valid combinations, which may be non-additive. The results of the current study suggest that greater attention be paid to the multiple sources of variation that are likely to affect face recognition in natural environments.
“Accuracy-confidence correlation: an eye witnesses’ stated confidence is not a good predictor of identification accuracy; Stress effects: highly stressful situations may make an experience seem especially vivid, but such stressors can reduce the ability to recall details about a person’s face…Cross-race bias: eye witnesses are more accurate at identifying members of their own race than members of other races.”
The meaning, significance, and definition of race have been debated for centuries. Historical race concepts have varied across time and cultures, creating scientific, social, and political controversy. Of course, today’s definition varies from the scientific racism of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that justified slavery and later, Jim Crow laws in the early twentieth. It is also different from the genetic inferiority argument that was present at the wake of the civil rights movement. However, despite the constantly shifting concepts, there seems to be one constant that has provided a foundation for ideas towards race: race is a matter of visually observable attributes such as skin color, facial features, and other self-evident visual cues.
The authors’ interest in the application of priming to visual perception stems from a lack of empirical research done in this particular field. Priming a certain social identity (race, gender, age, or occupation) and its impact on cognition (in the form of performance on verbal and math tests) has received sufficient theoretical and empirical attention (Shih, Ambady, Richeson, Fujita, and Gray). The authors want to explore the unique situation of mixed race priming. The premise they base their research on is that visual search is important to everyday functioning (Wolfe, 1998), since social recognition, a necessary tool for social communication and survival. Another finding they base their hypothesis on is that Whites detect a Black face among a set of White faces faster than a White face among Black faces (Levin 1996,2000). Levin proposed the race-feature theory off his findings: “Whites code Black faces according to race-specifying features”.
The level of face perception a person wants to obtain depends on the conflict management and resolution strategies th...
Now-a-day, biometric authentication system or simply biometric system, offers a reliable and user-friendly solution to the problem of identity management by establishing the identity of an individual based on “who the person is”, rather than the knowledge-based i.e. “what the person knows" or token-based i.e. “what the person carries” (Jain et al., 1999). The word biometrics is derived from the Greek words bios (meaning life) and metron (meaning measurement); biometric identifiers are measurements from living human body (Maltoni et al., 2003). Biometric system refers to automatically identify or verify an individual's identity based on his physiological characteristics (e.g. fingerprints, face, iris and hand geometry) and behavioral characteristics (e.g. gait, voice and signature) (Figure 2.1). Ancillary characteristics (also known as soft biometric) such as gender, ethnicity, age, eye color, skin color, scars and tatoos also provide some information about the identity of a person. However, soft biometric traits do not provide sufficient evidence to precisely determine the identity (Jain et al., 2004a). Biometric traits provide a unique and permanent binding between an individual and his identity. This “binding" cannot be easily lost, forgotten, shared or forged and free from making false repudiation claims. Biometrics offers several advantages over conventional security measures. These include
...se their ability to identify the right person. This could also be applied in the police force. If identification photos incorporated this type of technique, it would be much easier and much quicker for an officer to verify one’s identity. And if this technique were used on portraits and pictures presented to school children it could potentially make figures more recognizable. In all of these cases, utilizing this technique could possibly increase one’s empathy towards members of other races as well. By averaging out distractions, it makes it easier to focus on the defining characteristics of a profile. Not only does this prove useful for identification, but it may also make it easier for one to detect changes they may not have noticed before. It could make people better at detecting certain emotions in members of other races, thus making them more empathetic.
Race is used to quickly classify a person and determine how one should interact with another. There is nothing easier than ...
Why is it impossible to use biological characteristics to sort people into consistent races? Review some of the concepts such as “non-concordance” and “within-group vs. between group variation.”
In the journal article When Familiarity Breeds Accuracy: Cultural Exposure and Facial Emotion Recognition by Hillary Anger Elfenbein and Nalini Ambady, they discuss an experiment where photographs of American and Chinese individuals showing different kind of facial expressions that outline their current state of emotion were presented to American and Chinese judges.
The most predominant feature of the human face is eyes. When talking to a person our eyes meet there eyes; the way that people identify each other is through eyes; eyes even have the power to communicate on its own. Eliezer identified people buy there eyes and knew their emotions through their eyes. “Across the aisle, a beautiful women with dark hair and dreamy eyes. I had
When Maxwell Smart first whipped out his shoe phone in 1965, everyone saw an act of pure movie magic. Back in the mid to late 1900s everybody had the same idea of the future. Everyone pictured the future as talking robots (Siri), computerized pocket-sized dictionaries (smart-phones), hovering devices (drones), and much more. Today, everyone thinks of these technologies as commonalities. Most of these current devices have a valuable impact, while few create debatable issues. The company NGI has a system that will revolutionize the field of biometric facial recognition. In the article titled Embracing Big Brother: How Facial Recognition Could Help Fight Crime, author Jim Stenman says, "The mission is to reduce terrorist and criminal activity by improving and expanding biometric identification as well as criminal history information s...
Visual Discrimination is “using the sense of sight to notice and compare the features of different items to distinguish one item from another” (NCLD Editorial Team, 2014) http://www.ncld.o...
[Jain, 2004] Jain, A.K.;Ross, A.;Prabhakar, S.;"An introduction to biometric recognition", Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Issue Date: Jan. 2004, on page(s): 4 - 20
Biometric technology is used for the ways humans can be identified by unique aspects of their bodies, such as fingerprints, body odor, our voices and many more. If one was to think about privacy rights, he/she would be concerned about the widespread adoption of these systems, since such systems could easily be used to develop a record of known rebellious people and/or dangerous criminals, to be used for social control purposes. Although that may seem pretty good and a positive thing for the society, one should take into account of the defects and errors of technology. Of the many biometrics technologies that are being developed and are already developed, facial recognition is one of the most threatening because it can be deployed secretly; one may not know whether or when they can be caught in a surveillance camera for such facial recognition biometrics. Additionally, tests have found that the miscalculations for facial biometrics technologies are very high. As a result, according to Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, innocent people can be erroneously identified as dangerous criminals and actual dangerous criminals and/or suspected terrorists can fail to be detected overall, allowing for a huge injustice and unfairness. Privacy rights concerned with biometrics have sparked a concern and should be dealt with; otherwise, this is just one of the
Biometrics can be used as a method of identification for accessing a computer, room, or anything where identity needs to be provided to access information or equipment. Some people resist biometrics because of the concerns in which their privacy will be invaded or they think technology is getting too intrusive on people personal lives. Biometrics is not flawless and does have some privacy related issues. There are mechanism that can be put in place which could mitigate these problems and concerns. Some biometrics may not meet due to undue resistance from potential users and may be recommended to the manager to use password-based access controls instead.