a) If I were Freud I would focus on Santiago’s conscious and unconscious the most. I would use my Freudian theoretical base to explain the issues and this case by breaking down Santiago’s unconscious (Id, Ego, and Superego). Santiago’s Id would be him being prescribed medication for pain but instead of taking them as prescribed, taking 25 at once and attempting suicide. Santiago’s Ego would be him wanting to commit suicide but not because of his fear of how his mother would feel. Santiago’s Superego would be him wanting to commit suicide but not going through with it because his fear of God not allowing suicides into heaven. I would explain the death instinct (death wish) as it relates to Santiago’s suicidal attempts. The death instinct (death …show more content…
There are many criticisms and strengths as it relates to Freud and his theoretical perspectives. The major criticism for this theoretical perspective is that it’s not supported by empirical data. Majority of Freud’s case studies were based on studying his patients (Middle aged women) as well as himself. The major strength as it relates to Freud and this theoretical perspective is that it is very extensive. Freud’s explanation of the mind and its functions is very remarkable. As a social worker I see Freud’s view of the unconscious (Id, Ego, and Superego) as relevant. I believe that if we as people understand our unconscious way of thinking and behavior that we could better treat people whom conscious way of thinking has classified them as mentally ill. I also believe that Freud’s views are relevant because they give reasons of why people commit and attempt suicide. Although his views aren’t “credible” I believe that they give good insight on the mentally ill population and how there unconscious thinking is …show more content…
I would focus on how Santiago’s environment influences his behavior. Instead of talking about Santiago’s said behavior, I would consider changing Santiago’s environment. I would use my Skinnerian theoretical base to explain the case by learning and researching Santiago’s current and past environments and noting what has influenced his current behavior. Understanding Santiago’s past environments would help me better understand his reason for wanting to commit suicide. There are many criticisms and strengths as it relates to Skinner and his theoretical perspectives. The major criticism of this theoretical perspective is that the environment does not affect behavior or play a role in developing personality. The major strength of this theoretical perspective is that the research displayed makes it impossible for someone to totally dismiss the affect the environment has on behaviors and role it plays in developing personality. As a social worker I see Skinner’s view of behavior and the environment as relevant. I believe that the environment does affect and plays a major role in people behaviors. For example if someone grows up in an environment where there is a lot of crime and gang violence, they are more likely to display criminal and gang like behaviors because that is all they know and see. I do not believe that the environment is the only cause of behavior or role in developing a
...s may never agree on a conclusive degree to which both nature and nurture play roles in human development, but over the years, more improved studies have shown that both are crucial aspects. With all the knowledge we are gaining from these studies, it would be quite limiting to believe that a criminal and his actions are the sole result of heredity. Even in people who do not commit crimes, genes themselves are affected by the prenatal environment. Undoubtedly, the fetus experiences changes in environment, forcing possible changes in heredity and reactionary response. We are likely to never find the answer to how much or how little either, nature or nurture, impacts our lives, but at least we can agree that they both do, in fact, have major roles. Our development is not the culmination of heredity alone, but of a tangled web of experiences and genetics entwined.
Primarily, one of the dominant and fundamental theoretical variances concerning Freud and Jung’s personality theories was that relating to their opposing notions regarding the unconscious human mind. Firstly, Freud understood that the centre of ones inhibited beliefs and distressing recollections was found in the unconscious mind. Freud stated that the human mind focuses on three constructs: namely the id, the ego and the super ego. He claimed that the id shaped ones unconscious energy. Freud said that it is not limited by ethics and morals, but as an alternative simply aims to fulfil ones desires. The id strives to keep with the “pleasure principle, which can be understood as a demand to take care of needs immediately.” (Boere) The next unconscious
Sigmund Freud is considered to be one of the most studied and respected historical figures in psychology. Freud has had a huge impact on the way we think today. He also is responsible for creation psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud is even known as the “father of psychoanalysis”. Through endless contentious theories such as, the Case of Anna O, the Unconscious Mind, the Psyche, and the most infamous of his theories, the Psychosexual stage, Freud has generated many fans and supporters. His works has earned him a place in the list of psychology legends today.
In addition to Freud’s stages of development his best-known concepts are those of the id, ego, and superego (Crain, p. 268). The id personality called ‘the unconscious” is the personality that focuses on maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain through reflexes and drives such as hunger or bladder tensions (Crain, pp. 268-269). The id concept is impulsive, chaotic and unrealistic.
In the year 1896, a new term “theory of psychoanalysis” was invented by Sigmund Freud in which “it refers to all the processes that take place in our mind of an unconscious way and to a form of treatment of the nervous disorders” (Rodriquez). Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was an Austrian neurologist who created and developed an entirely new approach to discover about the personality and the subconscious of the human. His creation in the psychology field was “at once a theory of the human psyche, a therapy for the relief of its ills, and an optic for the interpretation of culture and society” (Jay). Sigmund Freud is regarded as one of the most influential and controversial characters of the twentieth century due to his discoveries in many aspects of the field of psychology included Freud’s self-analysis that he left behind.
The biological theory refers to the focus of genetic factors that assist the child in adjusting to their environment. The theory highlights the importance of maturation of children’s bodies and their motor skills. The restriction of the biological theory however, is that it discounts the impact of children’s experiences. Behaviorism theory concentrates on children’s behavioral and emotional responses to changes in the environment. The argument against behaviorism is that it focuses on children’s visible behavior and ignores their thought process. The social learning theory interprets children’s beliefs and goals as affecting their behavior by what they learn when they observe others. In the psychodynamic theory, emphasis is on the interaction between internal conflict, early childhood experiences and the environment. Theorists focus on the personality development and how these early experiences play a role later in life. In cognitive-development theories, the concentration is on how the thinking process changes over time. Although it promotes adults to recognize children as curious minds trying to make sense of their environment, the theories lack clear stages that a child’s thought process goes through. Cognitive process theories similarly, also focus on thought process but more so on how people decipher information they see and hear. Sociocultural theories emphasize the affect of social
The ego struggle to keep the id happy. The ego meets with obstacles in the world. It occasionally with objects that actually assists it in attaining it goals. The ego keeps a record of the obstacles and aides. It also keeps a record of punishments and rewards administered out by the two must influential objects in the world of a child, its mom and dad. This record of things to avoid and strategies to take becomes the superego. As stated earlier the primary function of the id is to satisfy its immediate instincts, drive and urges it superego that links the mind to society and reality. As Freud (1960) states \"superego is however, not simply a residue of the earliest choices of the id; it also represents an energetic reaction formation against those choices\" (p.24).
...een disproven or modified by psychologists today, however his impact will always remain strong. His thoughts on human behavior were deep and original, which makes his techniques for treating psychological illness innovating. His use of self-awareness for unconscious thoughts was an intelligent approach for his time. “The principles of treatment which Freud enunciated were quite unlike those followed by conventional physicians in the practice of medicine, and must have seemed revolutionary in the period before the First World War when they were formulated” (Storr, 1989, p. 95). The way in which modern psychotherapy and forms of psycho-analysis are conducted today, is based off of Freud’s procedure (Storr, 1989, p. 95).
The methods he used to obtain his information and data raised questions by other scientists. His research on children was lacking, as was his use of empirical studies, his research was male-dominated and also lacked universality. The theory of the id, ego and superego develops from birth into childhood therefore the use of case studies on adults and the lack of empirical study does not seem feasible enough to have developed this theory. First of all there is no guarantee that the memories of these adults on their childhood would be accurate, there was not any factual, re-testable data so it lacked reliability and validity secondly each case and person’s experience is different and therefore cannot be use to determine the development of an entire population. Freud’s theory was further biased due to him overlooking social and environmental aspects, which prevent universality; he was a European man who researched other upper middle class Europeans whose everyday living and circumstances differed greatly from others in
Freud was in his day an answer to many of society’s questions. As evolved and as the sciences evolved, we learned much more about Freud and his theories. Most of his work has been criticized most of the time. The criticisms of Freud and his theories have increased since 1970s (“Feminism and Psychoanalysis” 195). He has got lot of criticism from various scholars, philosophers, feminists, and historians (“Feminism and Psychoanalysis” 195).Warren R. Street classified the criticisms regarding Freud’s theory into seven basic categories: Method of data collection very subjective, Concepts poorly operationalzed, Dogmatic, charismatic personal style, Overemphasis on sex, Self-fulfilling research: Patients were guided to confirm Freud's theories, Psychoanalysis long and costly, Lack of a falsifiable theory. Freud’s critics increased manly because of these reasons. As the article “What Did Freud Get Right?” says, critics have questioned the originality of Freud’s works. “The article says that the most general problem with Freud’s theory is its originality and feasibility. It also says that Freud got most of his ideas from various people he lived with and though he was not the first one to put forward many of the ideas, he has been continuously criticized by the critics on tak...
Undoubtedly, humans are unique and intricate creatures and their development is a complex process. It is this process that leads people to question, is a child’s development influenced by genetics or their environment? This long debate has been at the forefront of psychology for countless decades now and is better known as “Nature versus Nurture”. The continuous controversy over whether or not children develop their psychological attributes based on genetics (nature) or the way in which they have been raised (nurture) has occupied the minds of psychologists for years. Through thorough reading of experiments, studies, and discussions however, it is easy to be convinced that nurture does play a far more important in the development of a human than nature.
Freud's theory of psychoanalysis defined a human's personality and then outlined causes and affects that these traits had on the person's thoughts, actions, and relationships. As he developed his knowledge of the human psych, he named three different parts belonging to it: the Id, the Ego, and the Superego. The Id is what drives the instinctual and need-based responses of a human, the Ego is the controlled and realistic force, and the Superego is what dictates and adheres to morality and social correctness. According to Freud, these three section of a human's psyche must maintain balance or the subject will fall to internal chaos and turmoil.
Sigmund Freud is best known for his development and use of psychoanalysis. The theory of psychoanalysis focuses on the concept of how our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and emotions play an active role in our daily lives. The id, ego, and superego are the three mental zones that encompass our psyche. Each zone has a specific function: The id functions on the pleasure principle; the ego on the protection of the individual; and the superego on protection of society. The degree of which each zone has been developed can be broken down and then analyzed. These three zones can be visualized by imagining a pie cut into three slices.
Psychologists who believe in this theory gather information from free association and dream interpretation. The need for interpretation of this information means that there is a possibility of researcher bias, which means that they favor interpretations that they already believe. Critics are also skeptical of the association between childhood experiences and adult behavior. They believe that the length of time is too great to assume that there is a cause and effect relationship. Other critics point to the fact that Freud’s theory is based on case studies of a few individuals and not empirical research. Cases are often unique and there are problems with generalization to the rest of the population. The problem with Freud’s theory is that his patients were upper-class Viennese women who were raised similarly. Every class and culture of people have different ways and values so his theory cannot be generalized to all cultures. Another problem with the case studies method is that it is susceptible to researcher bias. A reexamination of Freud’s work showed that he often distorted his patients’ case histories to fit with his theory. Nevertheless, Freud’s emphasis on child development captures the complexity and, often, irrationality of human
Nature and nurture both have positive and negative effects on how behavior develops in children. Behavior in children is acquired from family, mainly the children’s parents and behavior can be learned from both family members and frends. Behavior is not only learned and influenced by those two factors; behavior is also learned from outside factors and influences such as: Television (TV) shows