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Freud's contribution to psychology essay
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Compare and Contrast Theoretical Orientations of Sigmund Freud and Abraham Maslow A. Sigmund Freud B. Biography Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia, a small town in Austro Hungarian. His parents were Amalia and Jacob Freud. His father was a wool merchant with a keen mind and a good sense of humor. His mother was a lively woman. (http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html) He grew up in a family of 11, with two older-half brothers and six younger siblings. When Freud was four or five years old his family moved to Vienna where he lived most of his life. Freud and his wife Martha had6 kids three boys and three girls. There names in order of age were Mathilde, Jean, Oliver, Ernst, Sophie, and finally Anna. His children describe him as warm, loving terms. During his lifetime, Feud published eight books. The first book was a monograph on cocaine. Then 1895 he published Studies on Hysteria with Breuer. In 1900, Freud wrote The Interpretation of Dreams. That was followed by The Psychopathology of Everyday Life in 1901. In 1905, Freud wrote Three Essays on Sexuality. Then Freud took some time off before he published Beyond the Pleasure Principle, which introduced his concept of the death instinct in 1920. Three years later, he published The Ego and the Id in 1923. His final published work was Civilization and its Discontents in 1929. Freud died on September 23, 1939 of cancer in London. One of Freud’s major research accomplishments was his findings on infant sexuality also known as Psychosexual Stages. The first stage is the oral stage which 0-1 years old. This is the stage where sensual/sexual life begins. It is in the form of sucking the thumb, biting, and breast sucking. Fixation in this stage ... ... middle of paper ... ...mechanisms are denial, displacement, and rationalization. Denial is refusing to believe or perceiving that something took place. Displacement is directing anger from the main target to a secondary target. Rationalization is trying to justify the actions someone did by making up a plausible excuse. (http://www.clinicalsolutions.org/Welcome.html), ((Sharon Heller Freud A to Z), and (http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html) The only contributions that maybe used today are psychosexual stages. The psychosexual stages today are not focus on Freud’s psychosexual stages but on the interpersonal development. The psychoanalyst Erik Erikson made his psychosexual stages that parallel Freud’s, but cover all the development stages and Erik Erikson stages are widely employed by psychologists all over to understand a kid’s development. (Sharon Heller Freud A to Z p 47)
Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Austria (?). His family moved to Vienna in 1860, and that is where Freud spent, mostly, the remainder of his life (?). Freud is considered the father of Psychoanalysis, the first acknowledged personality theory (?). His theory suggest that a person’s personality is controlled by their unconscious which is established in their early childhood. The psychoanalytic theory is made up of three different elements interacting to make up the human personality: the id, the ego, and the superego (?).
One of Freud's followers, Erik Erikson, developed his own theory called the psychosocial theory. Similar to Freud's theory, psychosocial theory also has a series of developmental stages. For example, in adolescence where Frued deems it to be the genital stage, Erikson calls this stage Identity vs. Role Confusion. The psychosocial theory focuses more on a series of choices an individual has to make throughout their life, each choice leads them to develop differently.
Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in the town of Freiberg Austria to Jacob and Amalia Freud. Sigmund came from a rather large family. He had two older step brothers from his father's previous marriage and he himself was the oldest of eight. Other than Sigmund there were five girls and two other boys. However Amalia Freud lost a baby boy eight months after it was born. The death of Sigmund's baby brother was something that
Sigmund Freud's life work as a psychologist and psychoanalyst has been very influential. Sigmund Freud (1856-1931) attended college in Vienna where he started writing his many treatises and theories on the psychoanalytical approach. In 1881, Freud got his doctor's degree in medicine. From 1885-86, Freud spent time studying the effects of hypnosis and studied hysteria. From 1900 to 1916, Freud wrote many of his most famous works, such as The Interpretation of Dreams, and gave many lectures. Of all his works and theories, Freud is most known for his theories on the unconscious and for the importance he puts on sex (Thornton). With the start of World War I, Freud began studying several patients suffering from hysteria and shell-shock. He died of cancer in England in 1931.
Sigmund Freud is known to us by his birth name, however his mother lovingly called him her “golden boy Ziggy” (Davidoff 32). He was the first born of his mother, Amalie, and the third child of his father Jacob. He was born in Freiberg, Moravia in the year of 1856. He grew up in a bourgeois family. He is recorded as playing in the gardens
Freud’s stages begin with the oral stage. Freud begins with the oral stage because when a baby is born they experience life through their mouth. All pleasure originates from the mouth. Freud’s developmental theory continued with the anal phase, in which children begin to learn to control their bodily functions. The center of this stage is learning to control when and where to use the restroom.
Through case study, the psychodynamic approach was developed by Sigmund Freud. Freud visited Charcot’s, a laboratory in Paris investigating people suffering from hysteria. There, Freud began patient case studies (Crain, p. 254). Freud developed 5 stages of human development known as the Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital stages. The Oral stage is from the ages of birth to 18 months. This stage engages in oral activities such as sucking. Next the Anal stage begins around age 18 months to 3 years of age. Freud suggests that during the Anal stage a child focuses on the pleasure of purging from the rectal area. The Phallic stages, none as the masturbation stage, when a child get’s pleasure from focusing on his genital areas usually happens during ages 3 years to 6 years of age. After the Phallic stage come the Latency stages. Latency is when children at the ages of 6 to 12 years old work to develop cognitive and interpersonal skills suppressing sexual interests but those 12 years and older fall into the Genital stages. During the Genital stage those suppressed sexual interests re-occur and the need to find gratification dependent on finding a partner (Craig & Dunn, p 12)
The psychodynamic approach Freud claimed personalities are made up of three parts Id (primitive and instinctive), Ego (decision maker), and Superego ego (values and morals) (McLeod,2017). This approach is based on concepts that are not directly observable, or testable. This means that there is no way to scientifically verify any findings, and therefore it is impossible to establish cause and effect links https://getrevising.co.uk/grids/evaluation_of_psychodynamic_approach. Freud believed that children pass through five psychosexual stages of development, and that each stage was marked by behaviour from which the child achieved an almost sexual satisfaction. The stages are; oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital.
Freud emphasized that early childhood experiences are important to the development of the adult personality, proposing that childhood development took place over five stages; oral, anal. Phallic, latent and genital. The phallic stage is the most important stage which contains the Oedipus complex. This is where the child (age 4 - 6 yrs) posses the opposite sex parent and wants rid of the same sex parent. Freud argued that if the conflict is not resolved in childhood then it could cau...
Erikson’s theory emphasized how both earlier and later experiences are proportionately important in the person’s development and how personality develops beyond puberty. But, Freud would argue that most development occurs during the earlier period of an individual’s life. Freud’s psychosexual stages comprised of five stages that ends in puberty. Erikson’s first few psychosocial stages are somewhat similar to that of Freud’s stages one to three but Erikson further expands his developmental stages to eight, covering old age.
Sigmund Freud developed the psychosexual stages of development to describe the chronological process of development that took place from birth through later adulthood. The stages of psychosexual are oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Freud developed that as children grow they progress from self-pleasing sexual activity to reproductive activity. Through this developmental process one will develop adult personality. Freud put much emphasis on sexual context of how ones libido, which is one sexual desires played a role in each stage of development. Freud emphasizes that individuals will strive to obtain pleasures in each stage of development, which becomes the basis of ones personality.
Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 in Moravia, which was then part of the Austrian Empire and is now in the Czech Republic. He spent most of his life in Vienna, from where he fled, in 1937, when the Nazis invaded. Neither Freud (being Jewish) or his theories were very popular with the Nazis and he escaped to London where he died in 1939.
Freud was born in May 6, 1856 in the Czech Republic. He attended Spurling Gymnasium. At Spurling, he was first in his class and graduated Summa Cum Laude. After studying medicine at the University of Vienna, he gained respect while working as a physician. Freud and a friend were introduced to a case study that resulted in no cause, but they found that having the patient talk about her experiences had a calming effect on the symptoms. That was considered to be the beginning of the study of psychology.
Freud believed that humans develop through stages based on particular erogenous zones. Freud theorized that to gain a healthy personality as an adult, a person would have to successfully complete a certain sequence of five stages. Within the five stages of Freud’s psychosexual development theory, Freud assumed there would be major consequences if any stage was not completed successfully. The stages, in order, were the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the latency stage, and the genital stage. In general, Freud believed that an unsuccessful completion of any stage would make a person become fixated on that particular stage. The outcome would lead the person to either over indulge or under indulge the failed stage during adulthood. Freud truly believed that the outcomes of the psychosexual stages played a major part in the development of the human personality. Eventually, these outcomes would become different driving forces in every human being’s personality. The driving forces would determine how a person would interact with the world around them. The results from Freud’s theory about the stages of psychosexual development led Freud to create the concept of the human psyche; Freud’s biggest contribution to
According to the founding father of psychology, Sigmund Freud, there are five different developmental stages that we must pass through in childhood in order to become fulfilled individuals. What Freud argued was that we all go through certain sexual stages in childhood that we move through for biological reasons. He argu...