3.4.1 Color feature extraction Color moments are the measures that describe the color distribution of an image and the central moments are used to describe a probability distribution. Main purpose of color moment is to form the color indexing for image retrieval applications. The color moments are invariant for scaling and rotation. Here, the first three order moments are used as features for image retrieval. Three color moments are calculated for each channel. For example, 9 color moments are calculated for RGB and 12 color moments for CMYK. The color moments encode both shape and color information. It can be computed for each channel in any color model. Color model is a mathematical representation of color. Here, the color is represented …show more content…
Angular second moment (ASM) feature This feature is used to measure the uniformity or energy from an image. Angular Second Moment is very large, if the pixels are very similar. (3.9) 2. Contrast Feature Generally, contrast is defined as a difference between the color and the brightness of an object. Contrast is a measure of intensity or gray level variations between current pixels and its neighbor. (3.10) If the value of i and j are equal, then the cell is on the diagonal. These values indicate that the pixels entirely similar to their neighbor. Here the weight n is also 0. If the difference between i and j is 1, then there is a small contrast between the pixels and the weight is 1. If i and j are differed by 2, then the pixels have more contrast with its neighboring pixels. Here the weight value is 4. The weight and the value of i-j are directly proportional to each other. The value of i-j increases with the weight. 3. Entropy Feature Entropy is a term used in thermodynamics to measure the proximity among the systems or it is used to define the disorder between systems. Higher entropy means greater disorder values. The following equation is used to define entropy: (3.11) 4. Variance
Entropy is not a difficult concept to just take at face value, but it is a difficult topic to gain a good understanding of. To do this some background must be given such as the first and second law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics states that any event that occurs spontaneously must result in an increase in the randomness of lhe syslem. This means that as an ice cube melts the water molecules that it is composed of will progress toward a less ordered arrangement. The leaves that fall from the trees do nol arrange themselves in a pile on the ground because the second law of thermodynamics is against it. Entropy is a concept that most high school chemistry and physics students enjoy learning about because the now have an excuse for having a messy room, they are fighting nature.
is the same temperature, but as defined above, perception is “the way things look to us.
Color is widely remarked as one of the most demonstrative visual features, and as such it has been largely studied in the context of CBIR, thus number one to a rich variety of descriptors. As traditional color features used in CBIR, there are color histogram, color correlogram, and dominant color descriptor (DCD) [1,3,4]. A simple color similarity between two images can be
[8] L.Meylan, D.Alleysson, “Model of retinal local adaptation for the tone mapping of color filter array images”, Vol. 24,No. 9/September 2007/ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, pp 2807-2816.
This reflective essay will lay emphasis on one of the learning needs I have developed during my two week taster placement in hospital. Reflection helps an individual build upon their skills and makes room for self-criticism as he or she can contemplate upon actions and make relevant changes (Taylor, 2000). I will be applying the “What”, “So what” and “Now what” model of reflection by Driscoll (2000) in this piece of work because it is a more coherent and comprehensible approach to follow when writing a reflective account and is also an easier guide to writing reflections. The learning need I chose to reflect on from my learning plan is having a better understanding of diabetes and the 6 basic medications used in treating the condition since it is a common illness on the ward I am have been allocated on for my first placement. The timescale set for achieving this objective was by the end of my two week placement that is from 27th January to 9th February and I achieved it with the help of a host of factors. In this assignment, all the names of the patients and wards have been omitted and indicated with letters and numbers for confidentiality reasons as stated in the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code of conduct (2008). The paper will primarily touch on the type 2 diabetes and furthermore on the achievement on my learning need.
The mean values compare the averages of the conditions and the contexts in which the image was presented before, after or never.
Perception is the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through your senses. The biggest influence we encounter is our self-concept; the way we see or feel about ourselves
Visual Discrimination is “using the sense of sight to notice and compare the features of different items to distinguish one item from another” (NCLD Editorial Team, 2014) http://www.ncld.o...
Statistic images and landscapes, or know as fractal landscapes, and the way that this component works is that these statistic images...
Thermodynamics is the branch of science concerned with the nature of heat and its conversion to any form of energy. In thermodynamics, both the thermodynamic system and its environment are considered. A thermodynamic system, in general, is defined by its volume, pressure, temperature, and chemical make-up. In general, the environment will contain heat sources with unlimited heat capacity, allowing it to give and receive heat without changing its temperature. Whenever the conditions change, the thermodynamic system will respond by changing its state; the temperature, volume, pressure, or chemical make-up will adjust accordingly in order to reach its original state of equilibrium.
Data is collected and the patterns are recognized, in order to understand the physical properties, and further to visualize the data as
Ever since I was little I remember playing games where I would fight the bad guy and win the girl in the end. This never seem to affect me or make me wonder what small effect it had on my thought process. In games such as Zelda, call of duty, assassin creed, gears of war, Mario, and even halo you play as a white heterosexual male. The idea of playing this way never seemed to phase me as a young child. As I grew up and became more aware of the difference of people and the need for other as well as myself a need to be able to connect and find one 's self in different place such as games, movies, and TV shows. I became aware of the one sided views that video games seem to have. Then I realized that it was seen as acceptable to only have the one sided displayed due to the lack of speaking out on the need for change.
Contrast sensitivity is the ability to see subtle shades of gray, which is important for specific activities such as driving
This lesson is designed to review and reinforce a few important concepts about plants (e.g. Needs, parts, sequence of planting) and to also guide the students through applying a few scientific inquiry (e.g. Making observations, experimentation, discussion, reflection, reporting results etc.). The students have previously planted corn and bean seeds and today’s lesson has provided the students a chance to see the results of the planted corn and bean seeds. Additionally, seeds have been planted under and growing under the following conditions: without water, and without soil. The students see the results of these seeds planted under these conditions for the past week. Two plants in particular have already been grown their growth has been
1/do + 1/di = 1/ 1/distance from object + 1/distance from image = 1/focal length