Comparative Essay on Cognitive and Social Development in Early Childhood Crucial to child development is a child’s wellbeing. The concept of wellbeing is a complex one which can be divided into several aspects (Waters, 2014) and which occurs across several domains, namely, physical, mental, emotional, social, and cognitive wellbeing (Thompson & Fauth, 2009). However, wellbeing is generally considered as ‘the quality of people’s lives’ (Rees, et al., 2009, p. 8). If a child is fit and healthy, free from harm, mentally engaged, and their physical and emotional needs are met they are likely to possess a high level of wellbeing, and therefore, more likely to be successful and fulfil their full potential (Smith & Hart, 2014). The importance …show more content…
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2012) recommends that all EYFS settings provide high-quality services to children, developing their social and emotional wellbeing and increasing their capability to learn. Additionally, the guidelines state that EYFS settings should ‘promote the development of positive, interactive relationships between staff and children’, by ensuring that, ‘...individual staff get to know, and develop an understanding of, particular children 's needs’, and finally, settings must, ‘focus on social and emotional, as well as educational, development’ (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2012, p. 13). The EYFS Statutory Framework (2014) recognises the importance of positive relationships and places them as one of the four overarching principles, teaching children to be resilient and autonomous. Furthermore, the EYFS includes personal, social, and emotional development as one of its seven areas of learning and development. This helps to increase a child’s emotional wellbeing by developing ‘a positive sense of themselves, and others’, forming ‘positive relationships’, developing ‘respect for others’, allowing them ‘to develop social skills and learn how to manage their feelings’, in order to ‘understand appropriate behaviour in groups; and to have confidence in their own abilities’ (Department of Education,
Social and environmental variables affect cognitive development. Cognitive development focuses on the person’s ability to intellectually, perceive and process information. (35589) defined the cognitive ability as the process in which people learn, think and use language; it is the progression of their mental capacity from being irrational to rational (35589). Piaget and Vygotsky are two cognitive theorists who are interested in the cognitive development of a person across their life span and its relation with social and environmental factors. Piaget is the most known cognitive theorist who affected the world of psychology greatly, and was a great influence to many psychologists out there; however his main intention was the innate maturity process and, unlike Vygotsky, he underestimated the role of language and social interaction and his theory wasn’t useful in the teaching field.
Social psychology is a scientific study that studies how people think, feel, and how they behave under the influence of other people (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2013, p. 2). Thinking about what social influence really means, we tend to think of a person who tries to persuade another person to acting a certain way. It can be a form of peer pressure, like taking that first puff of a cigarette, or it can be conforming to popular societal views, such as obeying the law of the land. Fiction is a great way to learn about social psychological perspectives. Watching popular theatrical films is the perfect way to learn because it illustrates the application of many perceptions within the subject of social psychology.
The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) was implemented in England in 2008 and applies to all children aged 0-5. This new curriculum combined existing government ideas regarding the care of under 5s including the 'Every Child Matters' (ECM) policy: children's services have to respond to 5 outcomes for all children from birth to 18: being healthy, being protected from harm and neglect, being enabled to enjoy and achieve, making a positive contribution to society, and contributing to economic well-being. The statutory EYFS document stated a need for a 'coherent and flexible approach to care and learning' (DfES - Department for Education and Skills 2007; cited in Palaiologou, 2010, p.11 ), and ensures a quality experience for children regardless of the pre-school setting. EYFS and its direct predecessors were introduced based on the realisation that quality of teaching and management of schools play a central role in children's quality of learning, not socio-economic and educational background, as was previously thought. Pre-school education was seen as a method of helping children 'break the cycle of deprivation' (Baldock, 2009, p.20). However, research by Potter immediately prior to the inception of the EYFS concluded that due to 'insufficiently rigorous conceptual underpinnings, particularly in the area of language and communicatio...
A Comparison of Psychodynamic and Social Learning in Regards to the Development of Personality "No Works Cited"
Professional development for educators is an important step in learning new ways to educate, implement new practices and administering the best possible outcomes for children 's wellbeing. Depending on the child’s circumstances it is also important to search for other means of opinion. In this case accommodating the child’s family and the community in which he or she lives in and advancing towards promoting worthwhile relationships. Relationship building encourages parents in working collaboratively with professionals to create environments of support and enthusiasm around the best interests of the child.
Language plays a major role in a child’s life, because some children will dialogues with themselves through how they engage with themselves or other children through imaginative play. Vygotsky explains this as how they will make up their own story and give their characters different names, and also changing the voices of each character. This helps children with their vocabulary skills, in which it will help them in the long run to name, and negative the different things that they will start to come into connect with as they get older. Language is also known as a symbolic system of communication and a cultural tool transmit play, and cultural history both play a big part in language development, and understanding the world around them. And also
It is essential that a child’s development is viewed in a holistic manner, so that practitioners can identify a child’s physical, personal, social, emotional and spiritual wellbeing- not just focusing on their intellectual
Personality is patterns of thinking, behavior and emotional responses that make up individuality over time. Psychologist attempt to understand how personality develops and its impact on how we behave. Several theories attempt to explain personality, using different approaches. The social-cognitive and humanistic approaches are two of many theories that attempt to explain personality. This essay will identify the main concepts of social-cognitive and humanistic approach, identify perspective differences and discuss approach limitations.
It discusses how children are born with that needs to connect with individuals around them. Teachers and providers create positive relationship with children from birth through the early years. The foundation for that healthy social and emotional development because it affects her children see the world, express themselves, manages their emotions, in establishing a positive relationship with others. There were several areas of development that included social interactions that focus on the relationship that we share and include relationship with adults and peers. Emotional awareness recognized and understands your feelings and actions of other people, and self-regulation where you have that ability to express your thoughts, feelings, and behavior in a socially appropriate way. There were many tips that were listed when working with infants from talking and reading, having that warm, responsive, and consistent care, maintaining predictable routines, and getting to know each child while following their lead. The importance of supporting children and developing social skills is critical for learning, happiness, and long-term. This development begins during infancy and can be supported through simple social games, emotional role model, and imitating an infant's facial expression and sounds. The importance of social-emotional development and toddlers makes an impact in a child life when these skills are developed starting in infancy. Encouraging positive behaviors and using positive discipline practices that helped to develop the ability to make good choices as well as recognizing the confidence that is built when these behaviors are repeated. This is a process for young children to learn these behaviors always remembering that a patient response will help especially when the behaviors are
Child development and growth observation can be quite fascinating considering the uniqueness of each child. As children grow, they normally develop and acquire new skills whether complex or not. The abilities experienced by each child progresses differently that is it depends on the nurturing given by the parent or guardian and on the characteristics that they inherit. Proper development and growth of the child occurs when basic needs are provided by the reliable adult guardians, including such things as love, food, encouragement, shelter and warmth. The essay evaluates child development and growth through observation conducted by myself on my nephew. The essay will include physical development, general health, emotional development,
Normal cognitive development is referring to the developmental abilities for a person to be able to think and reason. Pre-adolescent cognitive development explained from Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development ( Cook and Cook 2009) place this age group right in between the last two stages of this development. In Piaget’s stage III of cognitive development ( Berger 2014) it is explained this stage enables pre-adolescent to use more logic and to be able to be more productive in their thinking. Pre-adolescent are able to begin thinking in concrete ways that will help them combining, subtracts, and transform objects and actions. The move from the third stage to the fourth stage of Piaget’s cognitive development starts around the age of 12 ( Cook and Cook 2009) however, each individual progresses differently in developing their ability to think in more complex ways. In the definition from Cook and Cook ( 2009) the formal operational thought stage is to be the final stage of a person’s cognitive development when an
Children can strive in developing their Personal, Social and Emotional development when they are in a learning environment based on positive values, such as; honesty, respect, compassion, unity, responsibility, care and justice. Through analysis of relevant research that I will continue to explore throughout this literature review, I will highlight evidence that having
Cognitive theorists focus on people's mental processes as they investigate the ways in which children perceive and mentally represent the world, how they develop thinking, logic, and problem- solving ability (Rathus & Longmuir, 2015, p. 10). One cognitive perspective is cognitive- development theory advanced by Swiss biologist Jean Piaget (Rathus & Longmuir, 2015, p. 10). Jean Piaget obtained a job at the Binet Institute in Paris, where research on intelligence tests was being conducted (Rathus & Longmuir, 2015, p. 10). Through his studies, Piaget realized that when children answered questions incorrectly, their wrong answers still often reflected consistent- although illogical- mental processes (Rathus & Longmuir, 2015, p. 10). He regarded
Social cognitive theory is the study on how an individual stores, processes, and applies information about others in their everyday life. It was first known as the “Social Learning Theory”, and was later changed to the term known today as the “Social Cognitive Theory”. The definition of social cognition is defined as any cognitive process that involves one or more than one person. While the definition of cognition is unconscious process in the brain that bring about representations. Social cognition purpose is to study social knowledge, social structure, group behavior, social influences, social categories (age, race, sex) defines a person. (Science Direct) Social cognition is thought to be the outcome of social interactions. One will learn by observing others, this is known as vicarious learning. For example, one is more likely to follow another’s behavior if they can identify with them, whether it be personality wise, age proximity, and more. (Verywell)
A significant part of development is the middle childhood. The middle childhood is largely centered on the development of a child’s inter-personal relationships, cognitive skills, personality and motivation. Children learn about their environment around the middle childhood. Integration is a task concerned with the primary developmental of child in the middle childhood. Physical development which happens during the middle childhood is not as dramatic as in early or late childhood. Growth might be usually slow ti late childhood life. Kids at this period usually relay on skills which they acquired in early childhood and these skills prepare them for the next stage of their cognitive development, the middle childhood. Skills like the hands-on