Climate Synthesis Essay

Climate is the average pattern of weather over a long period. The climate patterns play a crucial role in constructing the natural ecosystems. Different regions across the globe have different climate. The climate is warmer along the equator, while the poles experience a cooler climate; mountain areas and plateaus have cooler climate compared to the regions near the sea level. The climate difference is due to the diverse amounts of sunlight each region obtains as well as the different geographic factors.

Climate change, one of the issues we constantly hear about in the news. It is a process which has already occurred and is still happening. Climate change is not only one of the main hazards facing by the human being, it also represents one

The main factor that influenced the climate was the tectonic arrangement of continents (Windley 2016). At times of supercontinent formation, there were only a small number of volcanoes present. This led to low greenhouse gas carbon dioxide emissions, which further resulted in low surface temperatures and widespread glaciations. Its was so cold that there were ice sheets at the equator. This state was known as the ‘Snowball Earth’. The ice and snow were so reflective that they reflected sunlight back to the space (Pierrehumbert et al. 2011). During Neoproterozoic, there was only little rainfalls. However, the temperature increased drastically near the end of Neoproterozoic Era, reaching a worldwide average temperature above 90º F. This is because as tectonic plate continued to drift and collide, volcanic activity also continued, and hence there is an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (Scott and Lindsey

However, aerosols is one of the main source of uncertainty on both global and local scale. Furthermore, the projected near-term worldwide mean surface air temperature change will most likely be in the range of 0.3 to 0.7ºC for the period 2016- 2035, if there is no major volcanic eruptions changes the entire solar irradiance before 2035 (IPCC 2013). It is predicted that a future volcanic eruption like the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo would lead to a rapid decrease in the global average surface air temperature of several tenths ºC in the next year, along with recuperation throughout the following couple of years (IPCC