To clearly understand the correlation between abnormalities of cilia and cardiovascular pathology, knowing the mechanism behind mechanosensory role of cilia is crucial. A few mechanisms have been proposed [5, 91]. We have already discussed the mechanism involving down-regulation of surviving in formation of aneurysm. Another mechanism involves polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, an 11 transmembrane protein with a long extracellular domain and a cation channel with 6 transmembrane domains respectively. Endothelial cells without cilia were isolated from Tg737 mice to examine the mechanosensory role of cilia. To confirm polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 as mechanosensory proteins, endothelial cells were collected from PKD mice and human patients. Polycystins are absent in the cilia of these cells and present in Tg737 mice cells, but localized at the base of clilia. …show more content…
Though shear induced cytosolic calcium was increased in normal endothelial cells, diseased artery and mutant endothelial cells did not show any calcium response to shear stress.[5, 7] To verify cilia function specifically against fluid shear stress, a new technique involving artery perfusion in glass capillary was utilized.[7, 120] And it was observed that though cilia react normally when other mechanical stimuli are applied, response to fluid shear stress is highly altered. In these studies, different inhibitors were used to block molecular functions of cells. When EGTA removes extracellular calcium, both cytosolic calcium and nitric oxide production was eradicated. Then L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester), an eNOS inhibitor, was found to block shear induced nitric oxide synthesis but not cytosolic calcium increase. This proved the necessity of cytosolic calcium for production of nitric oxide but not vice-versa. To examine calcium dependent mechanism of nitric oxide biosysnthesis, calphostin C and W7 were employed.
What’s cooking at Carrabba’s? Fanny Fern once said, “The way to a man’s heart is through his stomach” (Fern 1). This not only holds true for men, it surly can be said about anyone. A restaurant that can capture anyone’s heart is Carrabba’s Italian Grill. What makes it different from all the other Italian restaurants?
Teupser D, Pavlides S, Tan M, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Kolbeck R, & Breslow JL. (2004). Major reduction of atherosclerosis in fractalkine (CX3CL1)-deficient mice is at the brachiocephalic artery, not the aortic root. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101, 17795-800.
Lisa Cholodenko is best known for her award-winning short film Dinner Party (1997) and her film High Art (1997) in which she won the National Society of Film Critics. However Cholodenko’s biggest accomplishment was her 2010 movie called The Kids Are All Right, nominated for four Academy Awards (this included Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay), Lisa Cholodenko won two Golden Globes including Best Picture, in comedy, and Best Actress. Coming along way from winning a film critic award to be winning awards from two of the biggest and most popular award shows show how Cholodenko’s career gradually became more successful.
The walls of arteries are made up of three layers same as veins. Its inner endothelium is composed of epithelial cells which is very smooth. This layer helps minimise the friction. The tunica media provides strength and elasticity. It contains smooth muscles, collagen and large amount of elastic fibres.
When it comes to EHR’s a patients medical record follows them wherever they go electronically, whether it be home based care, physicians office or a hospital. Access to medical records are easily accessed through smartphones, and computers depending on the EHR system that particular person or company is using. There are many EHR systems that different health facilities use but one in particular has stuck out to me because I constantly see or hear it being used in health facilities Ive personally been too. The particular EHR system I am talking about is Meditech, and it is one of the largest electronic health record softwares that many hospitals as well as small clinics and health facilities are using in order to transfer patient information, and provide detailed information about a person’s medical history such as their medical records electronically. But lately has Meditech been facing substantial issues with their software and why is Meditech the number one ranked EHR system that is being used still despite these complications? By the end of this paper I hope to have all your answers to these questions addressed and answered.
...on and forms an inhibitory complex with caveolin-1 leads to decrease in activity of enzyme in the cells. Transcription of Cav-1 gene is regulated by cholesterol responsive elements. Exposure of fibroblast and endothelial cells to free cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol was found to up regulate Cav-1 expression. Ca+2 mobilizing agents cause disinhibiton of e NOS by promoting Ca+2/Calmodulin triggered dissociation of Cav-1.
In “The Fish” by Elizabeth Bishop, the narrator attempts to understand the relationship between humans and nature and finds herself concluding that they are intertwined due to humans’ underlying need to take away from nature, whether through the act of poetic imagination or through the exploitation and contamination of nature. Bishop’s view of nature changes from one where it is an unknown, mysterious, and fearful presence that is antagonistic, to one that characterizes nature as being resilient when faced against harm and often victimized by people. Mary Oliver’s poem also titled “The Fish” offers a response to Bishop’s idea that people are harming nature, by providing another reason as to why people are harming nature, which is due to how people are unable to view nature as something that exists and goes beyond the purpose of serving human needs and offers a different interpretation of the relationship between man and nature. Oliver believes that nature serves as subsidence for humans, both physically and spiritually. Unlike Bishop who finds peace through understanding her role in nature’s plight and acceptance at the merging between the natural and human worlds, Oliver finds that through the literal act of consuming nature can she obtain a form of empowerment that allows her to become one with nature.
The heart serves as a powerful function in the human body through two main jobs. It pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body and “blood vessels called coronary arteries that carry oxygenated blood straight into the heart muscle” (Katzenstein and Pinã, 2). There are four chambers and valves inside the heart that “help regulate the flow of blood as it travels through the heart’s chambers and out to the lungs and body” (Katzenstein Pinã, 2). Within the heart there is the upper chamber known as the atrium (atria) and the lower chamber known as the ventricles. “The atrium receive blood from the lu...
6. McFadzean I and Gibson A (2002) “The developing relationship between receptor-operated and store-operated calcium channels in smooth muscle”. British Journal of Pharmacology 135: 1-13. Online, available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/sj.bjp.0704468/pdf -Accessed 23/11/2013.
Cardiovascular disease is currently the nation’s leading non-communicable cause of morbidity and mortality. According to the American Heart Association, the most common form of cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease, a condition in which the heart’s blood supply is reduced due to a narrowing of the coronary arteries. These arteries play a significant role in regulating the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart. As blood circulates through the arteries, it exerts a force against the vessel walls, known as blood pressure. To withstand this pressure, elastic fibers interspersed along the artery walls allow the arteries to expand and recoil. Abnormally high blood pressure, however, will cause these muscles to thicken as a result of tears in the damaged artery walls trapping particles that aggregate as plaque. Progressive build-up of plaque ultimately leads to a narrowing of the arteries, subsequently diminishing blood flow to the heart and other body organs. This cascade of events triggered by high blood pressure illustrates why hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Affecting 1 in every 3 adults in the United States alone, hypertension substantially raises the risk for heart disease in an affected individual who, most likely, does not show any signs or symptoms. In addition to the risks associated with this “silent killer,” comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol can drastically worsen health outcomes in hypertensive patients. Given the high prevalence and severe consequences of hypertension if undetected, researching this particular topic will increase our understanding of the causes of hypertension by identifying and narrowing down lead candidates for pot...
Soon after realizing that these cells would continue to reproduce and grow, Gey started giving them away to scientists and researchers around the world who were interested in studying the first established human cell line. By having human cells that survived and grew outside of the human body, scientists could now perform tests on human cells that would not be possible or ethical to do on a living human, such as injecting carcinogens. Despite HeLa cells being cancerous, they still shared many basic characteristics of normal cells. At around the same time as HeLa was first being grown, Dr. Jonas Salk and Dr. William Scherer had created a polio vaccine. This vaccine had been tested on a few Rhesus monkeys to measure the quantity of antibody developed
Katie Myers is a young mother who, after gaining knowledge of her son had spinal muscular atrophy, found out she had to take drastic measures so one can be capable of life at domestic to care for his clinical desires, but also needed to earn earnings. She wasn’t sure wherein to show, however, had purchased some garb from a chum who laboured as a representative for LuLaRoe and realized that seeing that she actually cherished the apparel, she should probably emerge as a good representative herself. She says she generally works 20-30 hours in step with a week and will pull in $1000 to $3000 according to “pop up” celebration, in which people save from the consolation in their own home, via LuLaRoe's Twitter Page. However, she
In Euripides’ play The Bacchae, the ideals that were the foundation of Greek culture were called into question. Until early 400B.C.E. Athens was a society founded upon rational thinking, individuals acting for the good of the populace, and the “ideal” society. This is what scholars commonly refer to as the Hellenic age of Greek culture. As Athens is besieged by Sparta, however, the citizens find themselves questioning the ideals that they had previously lived their lives by. Euripides’ play The Bacchae shows the underlying shift in ideology of the Greek people from Hellenic (or classical), to Hellenistic; the god character Dionysus will be the example that points to the shifting Greek ideology.
Tyrosinase is an enzyme found in Portabella mushrooms. Tyrosinase is the enzyme most responsible for the brown color of Portabella mushrooms, as it is found in larger amounts than other pigmentations. Tyrosinase is also found in Tyrosinase vesicles in the cell wall of Portabella mushrooms. Tyrosinase plays a huge role in Portabella mushrooms in that it is active in most chemical reactions including oxidation, phosphorylation and other important mechanisms within the cell. The journal article examines the biochemical characteristics of Tyrosinase in Portabella mushrooms by specifically extracting it from the gill tissue. In order to effectively examine Tyrosinase, purification of this enzyme was to be extracted which resulted in difficulties because mushroom gill tissue is small in size while the Tyrosinase enzymes are abundant in such tissue. Adsorbents and precipitation methods were used to isolate Tyrosinase. These methods, however; were not successful as they either only provided a small amount of the enzyme or decreased the enzymatic activity desired for ob...
Your Heart and Blood Vessels – Illustrations and facts of the anatomy of the heart.