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Ecological succession introduction essay
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Exercise 1: [ 3.1 ] Which barnacle species ranges into the warmest water? The barnacle species that ranges into the warmest waters is the Chthamalus barnacle. They tend to range farther in southern waters compared to the Semibalanus [4.1] On average, how many high and low tides will a given spot on the coast experience in a day, and why? On average a given spot will experience two high tide and two low tides in a day. The tides are experienced due to the moon gravitational pull. The low tides are experienced when we are facing 90 and 180 degrees away from the moon. Then the high tides are found when we are facing the moon and when we are facing away from the moon. [4.2]What is a spring tide and when does it occur? Spring tides occur …show more content…
From day 10 to day 14 the chthamalus barnacle did have a significant increase as I previously thought but only decreased for one of the trials. [8.2] Were your expectations from Question 6.1 met? Explain, using numerical results. My predictions for 6.1 were almost exactly what I expected except for one area. I thought that I would have saw an increase for the Chthamalus barnacles on day 2 there were 4 and then on day 14 there were 13. The part that did not met my expectations was I did not see a small decrease in the number of both species towards the end. Only on the first the sample on day 12 t day 4 saw a small decease of 1 individual of each species. But for the second trial there was an increase for each of the species of barnacles fro day 12 to 14. The Chthamalus saw a large increase from 18 to 23. The Semibalanus Saw an increase of 3 to 5. [8.3] In what ways do you think your results would have been different if you had sampled at a different height on the rock? …show more content…
The Chthamalus branacles fell off of the rack face and the Semibalanus rock became much more plentiful in that area of the rock. [ 8.2 ] Did you predict correctly? Explain. Yes my prediction was correct this is because the Semibalanus barnacle species overgrew and killed off the Chthamalus barnacle species becoming less abundant. The Semibalanus barnacles that were transplanted became more abundant. [ 9.1 ] Based on your hypothesis, if you cleared an area in the center of the rock face, do you predict that Semibalanus will settle in the new open space (i.e., will any land and attach to the rock in that space)? Why or why not? I believe that the Semibalanus will inhabit the open area of the rock and out compete the Chthamalus for the open area. I think this because the Semibalanus species seems to be the better competitor of the two. [ 9.2 ] Based on your hypothesis, if any Semibalanus do settle in the new open space, do you predict that they would persist there (i.e., stick around for a while)?
Marshak, S. (2009) Essentials of Geology, 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, ch. 11, p. 298-320.
The shelf-edge includes carbonate-to-clastic facies transition and tectonic uplift and erosion of the carbonates followed by deposition of the clastics. The Saint Peter Sandstone is a well-sorted, almost pure quartz arenite deposited during a major mid-Ordovician low stand. Clastics spread across an exposed carbonate platform by transportation. This is shown by the well-rounded, frosted texture of the quartz grains.
Whilst staying in the area I decided to investigate the effects of LSD on the coastline and show how it affects the coastline. If LSD has affected the area there would be more material at one end of bay as well smaller smother stones at the same end. This is because they would be eroded down whilst traveling from one end to the other.
Yes this feature is the result of erosion and depositional processes however, it is not associated with the current water course. This feature may be the result of a Gilbert type delta that once occupied this area. Gilbert type deltas have three main components; topsets, foresets and bottomsets. Topsets are fluvial sediments (primarily sandur deposits) that were deposited on the subaerial delta surface. Erosive events occurring on the upper forslope can result in downslope channels and chutes. These features are then eroded by either strong currents or by debris flow resulting in these channels and chutes to become filled. Foresets are a combination of sand and gravel facies. The are deposited by gravitational processes on the delta foreslope and the grains tend to become finer and more angular downslope. Bottomsets consist of fine grained silts and clay and are deposited at the foot of the delta front.
1. 225 MY : Weathering and erosion of very old folded rocks on an area
This paper will review the origins and geology of the Stone Mountain monolith in North Georgia, the history of the area and people and groups who have utilized the site for social and commercial purposes.
After 4-5 days we again observe the tanks for growth and sediment (which could contain eggs) since the copepods grow
Evaluation: If this experiment was to be redone then more diverse oceanic life would have to be used playing different roles in the water. The experiment performed showed a small projection of the ocean’s course if pH levels rise but by adding more confounding variables then maybe the outcome may have been different. If another researcher is to replicate this experiment it is optimal if they did several different trials to see if the same result occurs like the one just performed.
The Palisades basalt sill is one of the most active mass movement areas in New Jersey (Pallis, 2009) and because of its activity it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms that cause the rockfalls along the outcrop. The Palisades are composed ancient Jurassic flood basalt that formed through at least three distinct intrusion events (Puffer, 2009). It is important to understand that in all of these events the molten magma was allowed to completely cool before the next event allowing for the formation of the iconic hexagonal columns of basalt (Puffer, 2009). These columns are referred to columnar joints and formed when the molten basalt cooled within the earth's crust. The cooling of the basalt caused it to shrink, creating vertical fractures along the weakest planes of the newly formed rock (Puffer, 2009). These joints are called primary joints due to these columnar joints forming as the rock itself formed (Linsey, 2014).
Borglum searched for the “perfect” rock; he seemed to always have a complaint about them (SV; SV) (St. George 14). He would say some mountains have too many cracks, or the grain of the granite is coarse, and some were facing the wrong direction (St. George 14). The bottom half of some of the mountains found were a material called mica Schist; this rock is completely unsuitable for carving, therefore over seventy percent of the mountains found had to be passed by (SV; SV, CA SV) (Levisay). Borglum searched so long for the perfect rock because he believed that this monument he was about to build would be extremely important. He didn’t want just any old rock to be his masterpiece; he had to find the perfect one. The idea for looking in the Black Hills was first introduced by Doane Robinson (Westway). The Black hills was a great place to look because there was so much space, big mountains, and nature undiscovered by people yet. Borglum found a mountain that he loved the size of and even better he states that he loves it because it faces the South East (Jones). The mountain, being facing the South East, means that the sun will shine onto that half of them mountain for most of the day. The rock Borglum ...
Krajick, Kevin. "Tracking Myth to Geological Reality." American Association for the Advancement of Science. 310.5749 (2005): 762. Print. .
The blue-ringed octopus uses an interesting technique to ward off its predators. Utilizing aposematic coloring (a warning mechanism), this creature can let other animals know to stay away. The tiny cephalopod bears about sixty bright blue rings, appearing as a pattern on its dermal covering. When these rings flash, one can tell that the octopus has been threatened. Although this tropical marine creature may generally be calm, when it is agitated, it can bite with its beak and inject tetrodotoxin into the blood stream. This venom can quickly kill an adult human. Typically, the blue-ringed octopus, or Hapalochlaena Lunulata, resides among rocks and shells on the ocean floor and exhibits a camouflaged appearance (Mathger et al., 2012). However, its skin contains many more interesting structures that allow it to have such a distinct presentation.
Algal blooms are when algae grows at a fast rate and accumulate near the surface, hence the term "algal bloom". The term "Red Tide" is a misnomer because it has nothing to do with the tides. It refers to a specific type of algal bloom that occurs when certain species of phytoplankton that contain red pigments "bloom" causing the water to look red. Red Tides are usually not harmful.
Tides are common features of the ocean. Tides occur when large bodies water rise and fall, because of the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Spring tides are especially strong tides; in spite of the name they have nothing to do with the season spring. They occur when the Earth, the sun, and the moon are in a line. Spring tides occur during the full moon and the new moon. Neap tides are especially weak tides. They occur when the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun are perpendicular to one another. When water moves from side to side, it is called a current. Currents move warm and cold water to different parts of the ocean.