Chlorine is a greenish yellow gas which combines directly with nearly all elements. Chlorine is a respiratory irritant. The gas irritates the mucous membranes and the liquid burns the skin. As little as 3.5 ppm can be detected as an odour, and 1000 ppm is likely to be fatal after a few deep breaths. It was used as a war gas in 1915. It is not found in a free state in nature, but is found commonly as NaCl (solid or seawater).
Table: basic information about and classifications of chlorine.
• Name: Chlorine
• Symbol: Cl
• Atomic number: 17
• Atomic weight: 35.453 (2) [see notes g m]
• Standard state: gas at 298 K
•CAS Registry ID: 7782-50-5
• Group in periodic table: 17
• Group name: Halogen
• Period in periodic table: 3
• Block in periodic table: p-block
• Colour: yellowish green
•Classification: Non-metallic
Chlorine: historical information
Chlorine was discovered by Carl William Scheele at 1774 in Sweden. Origin of name: from the Greek word "chloros" meaning "pale green".
Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. He obtained it through the reaction of the mineral pyrolusite (manganese dioxide, MnO2) with hydrochloric acid (HCl, then known as muriatic acid). Scheele thought the resulting gas contained oxygen. Sir Humphry Davy proposed and confirmed chlorine to be an element in 1810, and he also named the element.
Chlorine: physical properties
•melting points of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic tableMelting point: 171.6 [or -101.5 °C (-150.7 °F)] K
•boiling points of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic tableBoiling point: 239.11 [or -34.04 °C (-29.27 °F)] K
•density of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic tableDensity of solid: 2030 kg m-3...
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Ho
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Er
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Tm
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Yb
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Os
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Ir
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Pt
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Au
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Hg
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Pa
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Cm
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Bk
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Md
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No
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Lr
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Db
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Hs
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Mt
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Ds
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Rg
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Cn
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Uut
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Fl
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Uup
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Lv
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Uus
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Uuo
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While doing his research Molina learned that these compounds move up to the ozone and stay there. He expected the compounds to be destroy by the solar radiation. However to his surprise he formed that chlorofluorocarbons would simplify into component element when exposed to radiation. This simplify components produce a highly concentration of pure chlorine atoms. From there he already knew that the ozone layer can be destroy with chlorine.
23 April 1915 British troops were attacked with chlorine gas, and Sir John French, the British Commander-in-Chief wanted retaliation with the same effects that was dealt to his troops, and he also wanted the means to defend his troop against these attacks, which lead to the establishment of Porton Down. 10 July 1915 the British used chlorine gas against the Germans, after the attacks the British realized that the chlorine delivery method was inconsistent, the gas had a small radius of cover, the chlorine had a smell so it could be detected early without inhaling a large amount, and the gas also didn’t stay on the ground very long, so further research went into the development of chemical weapons. The first experiment was done with hydrogen sulphide; the British tested the gas by placing rats in cages in trenches, and had mine workers with self contained breathing apparatus collect clouds of the gas in jars as the gas passed over them. The testing of hydrogen sulphide were successful, it showed that the gas had lethal concentration at 300 yards from the point of release. Hydrogen sulphide was short lived, it was discovered that it’s was too dangerously flammable, and it corrodes the cylinders that it’s stored in, it was also to light to stay near the ground after release, and possessed a distinctive smell at very low concentration which is an early warning to the enemy. At 05:50 AM 2...
"Material Safety Data Sheet Gold Potassium Cyanide MSDS." ScienceLab.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.
The literature value is 34 to 38 °C and the experiment melting point was shown to be 30.5 to 34.4 °C with a range of 3.9. According to the literature value, methyl cinnamate is purified, but not completely because the melting range is not below 2.
All elements on the periodic table have chemical and physical properties. Some of Strontium’s physical properties include ...
The symbol “As” from the periodic table, belongs to the chemical element Arsenic. Its located in group 15, period 4, and is clasificat as semi-metals. Arsenic’s atomic number is 33, and has a density of 5.776 grams per cubic centimeter. Arsenic melting point is 1090 K (817°C or 1503°F) and the boiling point is 887 K (614°C or 1137°F). The element specific gravities are 1.97 and 5.73, they are respectively to his two solid modifications: yellow, and grey (or metallic). Arsenic’s appearance is steel grey, very brittle, crystalline, and is classified as a semi-metal since it has properties of both.
Thallium was discovered by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London. In 1850 Crookes had been given a deposit containing selenium from a sulfuric acid factory in Tilkerode. Crookes extracted the selenium and was left with residues which appeared to contain tellurium. Crookes named thallium after the Greek word ‘thallos’ which means a green shoot or twig, in reference to the unique green spectral line which identifies the element in its emission spectra.
Gallium is a metal that was discovered in 1875 by Paul Emile Lecoq De Boisbaudren and is a “byproduct of the manufacture of aluminum” (“Gallium.” Web). Gallium has a low melting point of 29.76°c which is just slightly above room temperature. But even with an unusually low melting temperature, gallium has a very high boiling point of 2204°c. “Gallium expands by 3.1% when it solidifies” (“Gallium.” Avalon). Gallium was an element that was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev and it “Validated his periodic table of elements” (“Gallium.” Avalon). When in solid form, Gallium has a Silver and reflective appearance.
An element in chemistry is more than just an element; at least Chlorine is more than just an element. It is very useful in many ways that help people today. Chlorine is a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; it is a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; it is used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt. People should know more about the uses of chlorine and why chlorine is used in many processes, for example; bleaching, and why we use it today. Everything has to start somewhere, and chlorine was produced many years ago.
measurements methods, and the temperatures of phase transitions. Fig. 1 is a typical phase diagram of
It was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in England, in 1807. Sir Davy was able to isolate potassium using electrolysis. Potassium was the first metal isolated by this procedure. Today, it is still not found free in nature. It is obtained by electrolysis of chloride or hydroxide.
Chemistry is also beneficial in studying the chemical construction of hair dye and therefore learning how and why it works. The first safe commercial hair color was created in 1909 by French chemist Eugene Schuller, using the chemical paraphenylenediamine.
On further cooling the χT curve shows a sudden increase to 1.23 cm3.K.mol-1 at T=21 K followed by a sharp decrease down to 0.71 cm3.K.mol-1 at 5 K. The χT maximum de...
Octane with chemical formula C8H18/CH3(CH2)6CH3, molecular mass: 114.22, boiling point :126, melting point : -56.8, Subject no.1262 has many dangers and side effects on workers and firefighters. Therefore, we'll be discussing methods and ways to prevent the hazards that can be caused by the substance.