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Child welfare policies from the past
Child welfare policies in the progressive era
Child welfare policies in the progressive era
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Societal influence on developing Child Welfare Policy Ideological, social, political, and economic factors of a given period play key roles in developing and maintaining any social welfare policies in which the area of child welfare is not an exception. Throughout the history of child welfare legislation in Canada, Acts have been passed and modified according to the changing concept of childhood and to the varying degree of societal atmosphere of each period. Ideological perspective influence how society defines at-risk individuals or groups, and its solution (Graham, Swift, & Delaney, 2012), and the changing societal belief on children brought dramatic changes to development of child welfare policy. From the early 20th century, childhood has become characterized by not only proper guidance and protection of a family, but an increased role of the community and the state in preventing abuse and exploitation. Society also began to consider the well-being of children as the future of a strong nation, and failure as a potential damage to the development of a healthy society. Such beliefs pointed to the need for child welfare policies around the areas of deinstitutionalization, improved health care, and compulsory schooling, along with demise of child labour. In the areas of child labour, for example, although child labour was preferred as it provided a cheaper, more manageable workforce in industrialization era, the changing societal attitude toward child labour brought strict regulation for the demise of child labour. The working condition and the treatment of children in factories were also put into scrutiny to provide safer working environment to those who often had to endure both physical and verbal abuse while working wit... ... middle of paper ... .../121037-SDS220R_tromkey_cel_1141/Modules/Module07/7.1/index.htm?_&d2lSessionVal=hJ7rb3sBinN5eFKK7Pj7MOCyD&ou=121037 Maybin, J. &Woodhead, M. (2003). Childhoods in context. Southern Gate, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd Ontario Association of Children’s Aid Societies (OACAS) (2010). An Anti-Oppression Framework for Child Welfare in Ontario. August 2010. Strong-Boag, V. (2010). Forgotten people of all the forgotten: children with disabilities in English Canada from the nineteenth century to the new millennium. In Gleason, M., Myers, T., Paris, L. & Strong-Boag, V. Lost Kids: Vulnerable children and youth in twentieth-century Canada and the United States (pp 33-50). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press Thompson, R. (Reporter). (1992, August 21). Duplessis Orphans: Reaction and response [Television broadcast]. Toronto, ON: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Digital Archives.
Retrieved December 6, 2013, from http://www.fncfcs.com/sites/default/files/online-journal/vol3num1/Sinclair_pp65.pdf Smith, C. (2013, September 1). A Legacy of Canadian Child Care: Surviving the Sixties Scoop. Briarpatch Magazine, Part 1. Retrieved December 6, 2013, from http://briarpatchmagazine.com/articles/view/a-legacy-of-canadian-child-care Steckley, J., & Cummins, B. D. (2008). Full Circle: Canada's First Nations (2nd ed.).
...ed in out-of-home care during those years were Aboriginal, yet Aboriginal children made up less than 5% of the total child population in Canada (Brown et al., 2005).” The number of First Nations children from reserves placed in out-of-home care grew rapidly between 1995 and 2001, increasing by 71.5% (Brown et al., 2005). In Manitoba, Aboriginal children made up nearly 80% of children living in out-of-home care in 2000 (Brown et al., 2005). These staggering numbers are the reason why researchers and advocates blame the residential schools as the main historical culprit for today’s phenomenon of the over-representation of Aboriginal children in the child welfare system. The sections below will highlight how residential schools shaped child welfare system in Canada today, which help to explain the over-representation of Aboriginal children in the child welfare system.
Baynton, Douglas. "Disability and Justification of Inequality in American History." The New Disability History. New York: New York University Press, 2001. 285-294. Print.
Child welfare system was originated with the goals that social workers would try and alleviate poverty and its impact; however as the years have passed, the child welfare system turned into a child protection system directed toward investigating abuse and neglect, and removing children from families and placing them in foster care, and is no longer prepared to assist in resolving the problems of child poverty (Lindsey, 2004). Child welfare system has been developed around the residual approach which demands that aid should be given only after the family is in crisis or other support groups have failed to meet a child’s minimal needs. However, over the years, there have been different focuses for the child welfare system, whether it involved
Wells, Karen C.. "rescuing children and children's rights." Childhood in a global perspective. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2009. 168-169. Print.
Spilka, Mark. "Victorian Childhoods." Michigan Quarterly Review 39.2 (2000): 411-21. ProQuest. Web. 7 May 2014.
Universally, people regard children as the future of the world. As such, people tend to feel highly protective of them, and do everything in their power to ensure the safety of their young. The idea of an entire country turning a blind eye to children’s misery is appalling, but, in his Washington Post article “The Blood-Stained Indian Child Welfare Act,” George Will contends that most people are overlooking a great source of grief for many children and families. For this reason, Will unearths the atrocities surrounding the Indian Child Welfare Act. Will’s sophisticated diction assures the reader of his intelligence about the topic, allowing him or her to put faith in Will’s opinions.
Garnick, Vivian. "Into the Dark Heart of Childhood." Village Voice 29 August, 1977: p. 41. Print.
Hendrick, H. (2005) Child welfare and social policy: an essential reader. Bristol: The Policy Press.
Karen Bridget Murray’s article, “Governing ‘Unwed Mothers’ in Toronto at the Turn of the Twentieth Century”, is a valuable reference into the struggles and triumphs of social welfare for unwed mothers. For me the article highlighted how government ideologies influence social welfare, how important the change from religious reformers practices to social work was and finally how appalling it is that the struggles and barriers these women faced are still relevant to single mothers today.
In Canada, child protection is basically a responsibility of the provincial and territorial governments through various activities such as investigating child protection concerns. As part of their responsibilities to promote child protection, the provincial and territorial governments may place children or young under care. This involves placing them in varying living arrangements such as group home, foster home, independent living program, receiving homes, and relatives’ home. Placing children in foster care seems to be the most common way used by various governments in Canada to address child protection concerns. However, this type of care has had significant challenges in the recent past, particularly in light of children or young people who age out of foster care. These challenges are attributed to the lack of legislative and policy initiatives taken to address children who age out of foster care in Canada. As a result of lack of such provisions, these children end up having lack of further education as they are forced into adulthood. In some cases, children who age out of foster care in Canada get involved in criminal activities. As the number of children who age out foster care increases, Canadian government should enact appropriate measures, especially legislation and policy to promote the well-being of these children as they grow into adulthood.
Child welfare and family services: Policies and practices, USA: Parson Education Inc. Garbarino, J. (1992) The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secon Children and Families in the Social Environment, New York, NY: Walter De Gruyter, Inc. Walls, J. (2005). The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary The Glass Castle, New York, NY: SCRIBNER.
Based upon the situation some specific sectors where the practice of child labor is taking place. Depending upon the economic conditions of a country, and other external factors, some families could be faced with the prospect of starvation if their child is not earning some income to ensure the survival of the family. One question that is raised early in the analysis of child labor is, is child labor categorically wrong? The practice of child labor was a long standing institution in many western European countries, and had a general glint of acceptance. It was only in the nineteenth century that we find the rise of the contemporary ideal of childhood emerge, and the wave of anti child labor sentiment reach a stage where it faded away ...
Holt, J. (2013). Escape from childhood. In J. Noll (Ed.), Taking Sides: clashing views on
There are proponents of the debate that childhood is disappearing which will be discussed in this section which include Postman (1983), Elkind (1981) and Palmer (2006). In considering these points of view which are mostly American, one must firstly set in context what is meant by the disappearance or erosion of childhood. This key debate centres on Postman (1983) who wrote “The disappearance of childhood” which is a contentious book about how childhood as a social category which is separate from adulthood is eroding. He defines a point where childhood came into existence, which was treated as a special phase in the middle ages based on the work of Aries in his book “Centuries of childhood” (1962, cited in Postman 1983). According to Postman, a major influence on how childhood was perceived differently to adulthood was the invention of the printing press and literacy in the mid sixteenth century. That is to say children had to learn to read before the secrets of adulthood in particular sex and violence was available...