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Epidemiology essay paper on chicken pox
Epidemiology essay paper on chicken pox
Epidemiology essay paper on chicken pox
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Varicella (Chickenpox)
There are countless diseases and other viruses that humans come into contact with each day. They range anywhere from a harmless cold to a life-threatening illness. The human body does a good job at learning from these pathogens to better adapt itself to fight off these things.
Among these viruses that the human body can come into contact with, chickenpox has always managed to make itself relevant. Varicella is what most people know as chickenpox, and it was considered universal for all kids growing up until recent improvements in medicine started to lower the risk for children. Varicella-zoster is part of the herpesvirus family. It is one of the eight herpesviruses that actually affect the human body (Whitely). Varicella-zoster
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The more a person understands chickenpox, the better chance the world has at eventually overcoming this widespread illness.
Pathophysiology
The first thing to look at in order to understand chickenpox is its pathophysiology. A pathophysiology is information about the disease, and it is how each disease affects the body. If a person was to learn the different things about a disease, then they would have a better chance of beating it. Chickenpox is the common name for Varicella-zoster virus. Varicella is an acute exanthem, and humans are the only known host. The Varicella-zoster virus is also a neurotrophic alpha-herpesvirus. It is one of the very few herpesviruses that can actually affect humans.
Chickenpox typically affects children, but a person that has been infected with the virus will
Adcox 3 carry the genome in their body for years. This could result in that person being affected by latent genomes that will be activated years later to cause shingles (Roy).
The first thing to consider about chickenpox is that it is typically transmitted through
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This is one of the main causes of chickenpox epidemics within children at schools. They spread quickly through the air, so one infected child could infect dozens of other kids that they come in contact with in crowded schools (Papadopoulos).
Chickenpox can also be transmitted virally, but this is not as common or considered to be as significant. Chickenpox will begin as what doctors consider as a silent infection. This means that the virus will be in your system for a period of time before symptoms are even noticeable. The virus has a lengthy incubation period that can last anywhere from a couple of days to three weeks.
After the incubation period, the virus will then enter the bloodstream causing what people consider to be a “virus”. Fever and fatigue will then begin to set in. The virus then causes an activation of reticuloendothelial cells. These cells cause the second wave of the virus which is the skin lacerations. A person will notice red maculopapular eruptions on the skin and they will eventually begin to itch and burst (Roy).
After a person initially inhales contaminated droplets from the air, the virus heads straight to the upper respiratory tract. It begins to affect the lymph nodes first within a couple of days
The immunologic events that are happening at the local level during Carlton's acute inflammatory response would be:
Shingles, herpes zoster, is a very contagious and painful rash, or blister that appears on the skin. These rashes most commonly appear on the sides of the body in stripes. The stripes are made up of many very painful blisters caused by a certain type of virus. The varicella zoster, most commonly known as the chicken pox virus attacks the nerve roots in that area. The herpes zoster virus is in the herpes family, including HSV, herpes simple virus, which causes cold sores, fever blisters, and genital herpes. (WebMD, 2011) Most people are required to get the chicken pox shot when they are children although some do not. The chicken pox shot helps to keep out the virus by keeping it dormant in the nerves. The varicella zoster virus stays in a few cells; this is how shingles appear suddenly. It appears when the dormant cells become active in the later years of life.
“Plague Fact Sheet.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Department of Health and Human Services. 30 March, 2005. 26 July, 2006. .
Mumps is primarily a childhood disease, occurring most frequently between the ages of 5 to 9, although it was also known as a problem for soldiers during war because of the sanitary conditions and close proximity. For instance, in World War I only influenza and gonorrhea were more prevalent among the armies. It replicates inside the nose, throat, and regional lymph nodes. The virus incubates for about 14-18 days, and then a viremia occurs for about 3-5 days. During the viremia it can spread to the meninges, salivary glands, testes, ovaries and pancreas. Out of the infected population, 30 to 40% get swollen parotid salivary glands, with most of the rest being asymptomatic or having only respiratory problems. Around 60% of patients have asymptomatic meningitis, with up to 15% progressing to symptomatic. Encephalitis is also possible, occurring in around 5/100,000 cases. The encephalitis almost always results in some permanent hearing loss, and was historically the leading cause of hearing loss in children. Orchitis (testicular swelling) happens in up to 50% of post-pubertal males, with oophritis (ovarian swelling) happening in only 5% of women. Orchitis often results in testicular atrophy but very rarely in sterility.
the animals and cattle as well. The disease was so contagious that touching even an object that had
Virus transmission occurs from contact with fluid from open blisters. However, the virus does not cause shingles in other people. Those who contract the infection will develop chicken pox, not shingles. If you have shingles, it's important to regularly wash your hands, refrain from touching your rash and keep your rash covered to help prevent transmitting the virus to others.
Chickenpox is a virus caused by a herpesvirus called Varicella-Zoster virus, also known as VZV. Like all viruses, VZV is composed of two different parts, genetic material and a protein. The Varicella-Zoster virus, specifically, contains a protein core surrounded by DNA. It also has projections of protein that come through the DNA which helps the virus to attach itself to a host cell (Silverstein, A., Silverstein, V., and Nunn, L., 1998). Normally, it starts by attaching itself to cells found either in the nose or mouth. At this time the virus becomes active and begins moving to the skin cells which is when a rash will start to appear (Plum, J., 2001).
...or children. The specific way of transmission is difficult to identify. Most common assumptions have been that transmission has occurred through skin lesions or by sharing blood contaminated objects. Infected saliva is another source of infection especially as a non-parental infection. The virus has the ability to enter a healthy body as an airborne disease by coughing and sneezing, from mouth-to-mouth kissing, biting or by sharing chewed toys and candies [2, airborn]
The Chickenpox virus is a horrible and painful infection. The highly contagious virus, known as Chickenpox, can be a fatal disease if not properly taken care of. The Chickenpox disease, etiology, signs and symptoms, history, and prevention is important for every individual to know about so they can be aware. The Chickenpox infection has been researched throughout the years, and the CDC continuously informs people how important getting vaccinated is (National Institutes of Health, 2017).
...ning as the years progress, all school children will have protection from a disease that scarred this mother for life”. This case study reflects that the sample size was very small. Considering the mother that lost her son, the sample size is 1. The implication of the findings of this sample size is not appropriate as the sample size is too small to be representative of a population. Thus, the evidence that is given in this case study on the basis of personal testimonial and the research is inadequate. References Chicken pox vaccine mandatory for children by Ana Patejdl at The Daily Illini, Available at http://www.dailyillini.com/apr02/apr17/news/stories/news_story10.shtml, Accessed 12/06/03 Chicken pox, Wednesday, August 7, Available at http://wgntv.trb.com/news/local/eveningnews/wgntv-080702medicalwatch,0,4271659.story?coll=wgntv-evening-news-2, Accessed 12/06/03
...ound in our bodies. The trick is that the virus “gets confused” and incorporates the fatal molecule into its growing RNA strands which leads to the prevention of RNA synthesis and thus the entire viral replication.
There are many diseases that fit into each of the four categories, if not one category, maybe two or more.
Many people think that the increased travel and trade between the world’s nations improved people’s lives. Although this increase had a positive effect, travel and trade also brought disasters. Foreign travelers and traders contributed to the wide spread of infectious diseases like cholera. A look at the general information, sources of infection and risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and control will give a further insight on cholera.
The primary stage of the infection is characterized by a chancer that presents as an ulcer in the anogenital area with an incubation period of nine-ninety days2. A chancer is a painless ulceration that forms where the original spirochete enters the broken skin or mucous membranes3. The lesions can also present on the lips, tongue, tonsils and nipples2. During the incubation period the T. pallidum can ...