Also known as the oxygen family, chalcogens are sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium(Te), and polonium (Po). Oxygen (O) is also in group 16, where chalcogens are located on the periodic table. While it is defined as a chalcogen, oxygen and oxides are often separated from chalcogens because its chemical behavior is much different than that of the other elements in the group. The other elements in the group show similar patterns in their electron configurations resulting in similar chemical behavior. The name chalcogen means "ore former," derived from the Greek words chalcos: ore and -gen: formation. An interesting fact is that oxygen is the most abundant element on Earth, second most in the Atmosphere, and third in the whole universe. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and very reactive. It’s name is derived from the latin words “oxy” and “gen” meaning “acid forming”. It can be found in the sun and plays a key role in energy production. Although in its natural state it is colorless, when in solid or liquid form, oxygen is a pale blue color. Before Leonardo da Vinci suggested that the air was made up of two different gases, air was thought of as its own element. Joseph Priestley is usually the one credited for discovering oxygen but Carl Wilhelm Scheele also reported it. Sulfur on the other hand, has a yellow color and can come in many different forms. It is often used in rubber and gunpowder. Sulfur is also the tenth most abundant element in the universe. Because it is found in many other minerals, Antoine Lavoisier had to convince the other scientists of his time that sulfur was its own element. Its name is derived from the ancient names for the element. Most sulfur is found in sulfuric acid which is used in many things such as...
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"The Parts of the Periodic Table." The Parts of the Periodic Table. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. .
Chemistry Explained." Chalcogens. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ce-Co/Chalcogens.html#b "Oxygen - O." Oxygen (O). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/o.htm "Sulphur - S." Sulphur (S). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/s.htm "Selenium - Se." Selenium (Se). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/se.htm "Tellurium - Te." Tellurium (Te). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/te.htm "Polonium - Po." Polonium (Po). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013.
http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/po.htm
The best-selling novel, The Disappearing Spoon, is written by Sam Kean. The book revolves around the periodic table. It goes into such depth of the table, it is literally an adventure historically, politically, and scientifically. Not to mention, it is relevant to what has been learned this school year, which is what I’ll be talking about in this paper. The book is extremely helpful in learning the periodic table of elements, which is an imperative tool to have when studying physical science or chemistry, for example. It fills an unknown void of what the table is, solving mysteries as the chapter progresses.
The Beryllium element, an alkaline earth metal which belongs to group II of the periodic table, was first discovered in 1798 by L.M. Vauquelin. Vauquelin,a French chemist, was doing work with aluminum and noticed a white powder that was nothing like that of aluminum or any of its derivatives. Vauquelin named this mystery powder, gluinium because of its sweet taste was like that of glucose. In 1828, Wohler, a German metallurgist reduced it to its metallic form and renamed it beryllium.(figure 2)
Based on the new element that he saw by its bright green emission line, he chose the name of the element using the Greek word “thallos” means "a young, green shoot" or "twig." He continued his study of thallium for so many years, succeeding in differentiating it, by characterizing the properties of its compounds. Especially after a long delay, in 1873, he has been able to get the atomic weight of his new element “Thallium”.
Vital to life, a necessity to combustion, and the component of innumerable compounds, oxygen is by far one of the most important elements. Astoundingly, Oxygen makes up a fifth of our atmosphere, 49.5% of all compounds on Earth contain oxygen, makes up about 2/3 of our body, yet human kind has only know of it since 1977 (http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/8.html). Ironically, within a period of a couple of years, three different men had stumbled upon the vital element. Carl Wilhelm Scheele, a Swede, made the initial discovery. However, Joseph Priestly, the man generally attributed with the discovery on the basis of his works being published first, discovered it in 1774. Neither of them quite understood it though, and only a French man by the name of Antoine Lavoisier who would be the first to fully understand it and disprove the old “phlogiston� notion (Priestly Joseph 4). Nonetheless, Carl Wilhelm Scheele was still the first to discover oxygen, a discovery that would be one of many in a rich life.
Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas which with a pungent odor. It will become liquid form when under pressure (heat) and will dissolves in water very fast or easily. The primary sources of sulfur dioxide are comes mainly from some activities such as burning of fossil fuel to provide electric power, process of making steel, coal-burning and others. However, it can also be released from the natural volcanic activity or volcanic eruption to the air. This gaseous can easily pose a threat to the living things such as human, animal and plant.
After finishing his apprenticeship, Carl worked at several different pharmacies all over Sweden until he created his own business. Although he treated scientific research as secondary to his work (Urdang 17), Scheele is described as fanatical and prolific by those who knew him. He was admitted to the Royal Swedish Academy of Science in 1775, and with his pension, was able to continue experimenting until his death at the age of 44 due to arsenic and cyanide poisoning. Arguably, Scheele’s greatest discovery is oxygen gas. He believed in the phlogiston theory that was prevalent at the time, but his findings are true nevertheless. Carl calculated that about a quarter of air could combust (The Discovery of Oxygen: Part 2), and tried obtaining a pure sample of the gas by heating substances such as HgO, KNO₃, Hg(NO₃)₂, or MnO₂ with H₂SO₄. After conducting these experiments, Carl wrote a book, which was called the Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire. Because this happened after Englishman Joseph Priestley already published on the topic, his work was largely ignored. Besides oxygen Scheele created and discovered many other elements and compounds. For example, by treating MnO₂ with hydrochloric acid, Scheele produced chlorine gas in
Oshun rules over rivers, love, romance, gold, pregnancy, witchcraft, healing, weight loss love, fertility, relationship, and love or wishing spells. When individuals have writer block, Oshun is an excellent Loa to petition. She is also who we go to for spells in money matters. She is the youngest of the female Orishas, but maintains the honor of Great Queen. Oshun heals with her sweet water and honey, infused with her spiritual power. They say Oshun saved the world by seducing Ogun and tempting him to go back the woods. Oshun is a messenger from Olodumare. For this purpose no matter what Orisha governs their head, all who are admitted as priests, have to go to the river and give statement to Oshun.
Primo Levi’s The Periodic Table is an autobiographical memoir in which Mr. Levi -an esteemed chemist- uses different elements to represent separate aspects of his life. The book molds fiction and memoir which he connects all through his study of chemistry either metaphorically or literally through his study of these elements in the lab. Specific elements connect to his Childhood and young adulthood as well as through his time in the Auschwitz concentration camp. What makes the memoir extremely unique is how it uses different elements both as literal objects he used in chemistry and also the comparisons and metaphor he creates between characters and the elements he titles the chapters. The main uses of elements in The Periodic Table are; comparisons between characters, representation of his current
periodic table of elements and is located in the group of Noble Gases. Radon’s element classification is a
In Chemistry, Neodymium is one of the 118 elements found on Mendeleev’s Periodic Table. An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom and is then advantageously placed in the periodic table which categorizes all elements of the universe. Neodymium was discovered to have a “twin element” and is used for anything from high-powered fans to cellular phones.
The writings of some Greek philosophers may be considered to be among the very first chemical theories, such as the theory that all things are composed of air, earth, fire, and water. Each of these were represented by different elements, such as sulfur, salt, mercury, and, ideally, gold. Other ideas held by alchemists were that each of the known elements were represented by heavenly bodies. Gold was earth's representation of the sun, silver for the moon, mercury for the planet Mercury, copper for Venus, iron for Mars, tin for Jupiter, and lead for Saturn.
From the Greek word "lithos" meaning "stone", it was so named due to the fact that it was discovered from a mineral source; whereas the other two common Group 1 elements, Sodium and Potassium, were found in plant sources. Its symbol, Li, was taken directly from its name. Soon after stumbling upon Lithium, Arfvedson also found traces of the metal in the minerals Spodumene and Lepidolite. In 1818, C.G. Gmelin discovered that Lithium salts color flames a bright red. Neither, Gmelin or Arfvedson, however, were able to isolate the element itself from the Lithium salts. They both tried to reduce the oxide by heating it with Iron or Carbon, but neither met with the success of W.T. Brande and Sir Humphrey Davy. They managed to perform the first isolation of elemental Lithium by the electrolysis of Lithium oxide. Electrolysis is a chemical reaction, which is brought about by the passage of current from an external energy source such as a battery. In 1855, the scientists Bunsen and Mattiessen isolated larger quantities of the metal by electrolysis of Lithium chloride.
Carbon is one of the basic elements of matter (Bush 1230-1231). The name carbon comes from the Latin word "carbo" meaning charcoal.Carbon is the sixth most abundant element (Gangson). More than 1,000,000 compounds are made from carbon(Carbon (C)). "The Element Carbon is defined as a naturally abundant non-metallic element that occurs in many inorganic and in all organic compounds, exists freely as graphite and diamond and as a constituent of coal, limestone, and petroleum, and is capable of chemical self-bonding to form an enormous number of chemically, biologically, and commercially important molecules." Carbon is used in diamonds, petroleum oil, radiocarbon dating, smoke detectors, kerosine, gasoline, carbon fiber. (Alcin).
The modern periodic table is very much like a later table by Meyer, but arranged, by Mendeleev’s, but it had to be according to the size of the atomic weight. The only thing though that was made by Mendeleev’s was Group 0, which was then added by Ramsay.