Digoxin Toxicity
Digoxin toxicity, also called digoxin poisoning, is the condition of having too much digoxin in the blood. Digoxin is a medicine that is used to help a weakened heart function properly. Digoxin increases the strength of the heart muscle, helps to maintain a normal heart rhythm, and helps to remove excess water from the body. When there is too much digoxin in the body, it acts like a poison (toxin). Digoxin toxicity can be life-threatening, and must be treated in a hospital.
CAUSES
Digoxin toxicity can be caused by taking too much digoxin (overdosing). Overdose can happen accidentally. Digoxin toxicity can also occur if you are taking the correct dosage of digoxin but there are other factors affecting the digoxin levels in your body. These factors may include:
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This is a test that records the electrical impulses of your heart.
TREATMENT
This condition is treated by lowering your digoxin levels. This must be done in the hospital. To lower your digoxin levels, your health care provider may:
• Give you a medicine that absorbs digoxin in the stomach (activated charcoal). The charcoal may be given to swallow or given through a tube that goes from your nose to your stomach (nasogastric tube).
• Perform gastric lavage. In this procedure, a tube is placed through your nose or mouth into your stomach. The tube is used to remove digoxin that has not been digested yet. It may also be used to put medicines directly into your stomach to help stop digoxin from being absorbed.
In some cases, treatment may also include reducing or adjusting your digoxin dosage.
HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS
Lifestyle
• Limit alcohol intake to no more than 1 drink a day for nonpregnant women and 2 drinks a day for men. One drink equals 12 oz of beer, 5 oz of wine, or 1½ oz of hard liquor.
• Do not use any tobacco products, such as cigarettes, chewing tobacco, and e-cigarettes. If you need help quitting, ask your health care
This last process is significant not only because it brought dioxin the current notoriety but it also is a chemical process used to make products that were used and are still been used in many applications. These applications include pesticide, herbicide, defoliating agent such as Agent Orange, cleaning agent and electrical insulation. Consequently, human exposure to dioxin is not a recent phenomenon and the dangers of dioxin are not unknown. Only in recent years, especially after the Vietnam War, has the media concentrated on the dangers and impact of dioxin.
The reason that this dioxin is so dangerous is that the “dioxin is persistent organic pollutant that is toxic over many decades, is not water-soluble and does not degrade easily. Clinging to soil particles carried by water runoff from spills or sprayed areas downstream into the sediments of lakes or streams; it is consumed by mollusks, fish and waterfowl, easily entering the human food chain.” It is chemically stable and is retained in the human fatty tissue. If it is detected early it can be treated by surgery or medication but usually if it is found to late then it can’t be treated (make agent orange
Four therapies have been described to decrease the muscle toxicity of doxorubicin. First, use of the iron chelator dexrazoxane decreases muscle toxicity (36, 89).Second, aerobic exercise has been shown to protect against doxorubicin induced skeletal muscle apoptosis through decreasing autophagy signaling (50, 84, 85). Third, the mitochondrial antioxidant SS31 protects against doxorubicin induced apoptosis (32). Fourth, pretreatment of metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, decreases cardiomyocyte apoptosis (7, 8). The interaction of doxorubicin and metformin will be discussed in greater detail in upcoming sections.
...Medication may also be given. The type of medication is called bisphosphonates, which are given by mouth or intravenously. Bisphosphonates reduce bone resorption. Studies are still being done on this treatment option. There is also research being done on possible stem cell treatment for OI.
Forensic toxicology is one of the oldest disciplines in forensic science history and dates back hundreds of years. However, the actual understanding and examination of forensic toxicology only dates back for about 200 years. Due to the development of technology, this discipline has been able to progress and flourish.
Mylanta Suspension (Magnesium hydroxide): Minor interaction when taken with digoxin since “digoxin decreases the levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance”("Magnesium," 2015, p. 2). This has the greatest ability to absorb or bind to the surface of other drugs, resulting in decreased bioavailability.
Dioxins accumulate in the body throughout the lifetime of victims. Dioxin exposure as a child will impede the immune system of the individual forever. It means that they will never be as strong as they should have been. Dioxins are responsible for a range of reproductive and developmental problems,
medicate with over the counter drugs (OTC) or with other substances such as alcohol. 2
One to two glasses of red wine per day for men and one glass of red wine per day for women.
MSNBC staff. (2004, October 6). Report: Vioxx linked to thousands of deaths. Retrieved from the worldwide web on January 2014 at http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6192603/ns/health-arthritis/t/report-vioxx-linked-thousands-deaths/#.Usvg2UaA1Zc
...nti-inflammatory drugs such as the acetazolamide mentioned above should also help for treatment. If symptoms are severe, immediately descend and get oxygen. If experiencing symptoms of HACE, descend immediately to lower altitudes, get oxygen with the medication dexamethasone. In cases of HAPE, again descend, get oxygen and nifedipine also helps with treatment as well as prevention (Basnyat & Murdoch, 2003).
The best way to avoid alcohol abuse, dependence, and addiction is to drink only moderate amounts, or not drink at all. Moderate drinking is no more than one drink a day for women and two drinks a day for men. To avoid alcohol dependence:
Alcohol has been in the world for many centuries and has become a pain but also somewhat of a solution to society. It can be viewed as something to be a social gathering that brings friends together or it can be taking as destruction to someone. Over the years alcohol has played many roles in the world but it plays an even bigger role in substance abuse. Doctors have made several points that it is okay to have a drink every now and again but people need to realize when one drink has become too many. The ideal of having a drink with friends or going out and having an occasional drink is acceptable; However, is it still acceptable when a person find their selves having a drink first thing in the morning or runs to a drink to solve their people.
Furthermore, drug users might kill themselves if they cannot take drugs appropriately. From 2006 to 2010, about 88000 deaths per year happened due to the drug abuse (Nolan, 2014). The most of cases contain the drug users do not know how much drugs they should take. When they take the quantity of drugs more than the standard of the specification, they are easy to addict the drugs.
Smoking cigarettes can be very harmful to your life with so many health issues, such as heart disease, cancer and emphysema. Some people think it’s not a huge issue smoking cigarettes but it’s a great way to lose ten years of your life. You lose lots of money, a lifetime of health issues, and cause you to have yellowing of the teeth and bad breath .There is way too many health risks involved to start using this drug. Say no to cigarettes you will be healthier in the end then to continue on this wrongful path.