EEI Daniel Blinks YR. 11 Background – Catalase are an enzyme that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide into H2O and O2. Catalase are a common enzyme that can be found in almost all living organisms such as potatoes. It is specifically found in the cells that are exposed to oxygen and can be in a plant or animal cell. [1] The effect of heat above 400 on catalase will make them denature and the production of O2 will slowly decrease. However when the catalase are too cold the rate of O2 production will decrease as the particles cannot move very fast and will not collide with each other as much. [2] hydrogen peroxide, (H2O2), a colourless liquid usually produced as aqueous solutions of various strengths, used principally for bleaching cotton and other textiles and wood pulp, in the manufacture of other chemicals, as a rocket propellant, and for cosmetic and medicinal purposes. Solutions containing more than about 8 percent hydrogen peroxide are corrosive to the skin. [3] Hydrogen Peroxide decomposes into Oxygen and water [3] Hydrogen Peroxide does not need the enzymes in the catalase to separate into Oxygen and Water. The catalase are only used to increase the rate of reaction. Rationale – To record the results of Oxygen created from decomposing Hydrogen peroxide with catalase that are either heated, cooled of left in room temperature. Hypothesis – Cold Potato: that when the potato is cooled to 2-5 degrees the production of oxygen will be slowed as the catalase in the potato will become less active due to the molecules getting less kinetic temperature from the heat. Warm Potato: that when the potato is warmed but not heated over 35 degrees (due to high temperature will... ... middle of paper ... ...0k/docs/Catalase.html Brief summary: This website explains what catalase are and where they can be found. [2] Book – Biosphere The Realm Of Life. Authors: Robert A. Wallace, Jack L.King , Gerald P.Sanders – 1998 Page 85 – The hotter catalase become the more denatured they become Brief Summary: This source gives information telling the reader that when a catalase is heated it beyond 400 it will start to die and become unusable. [3] Website - http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/278760/hydrogen-peroxide Brief Summary: This article produced by Encyclopaedia Britannica helped further the understanding on what Hydrogen Peroxide is and what it is used for. Reliability: The website is reliable but can still have wrong information as it is wrote by different people (before publishing someone’s update to the website it is verified to be true or false)
Living organisms undergo chemical reactions with the help of unique proteins known as enzymes. Enzymes significantly assist in these processes by accelerating the rate of reaction in order to maintain life in the organism. Without enzymes, an organism would not be able to survive as long, because its chemical reactions would be too slow to prolong life. The properties and functions of enzymes during chemical reactions can help analyze the activity of the specific enzyme catalase, which can be found in bovine liver and yeast. Our hypothesis regarding enzyme activity is that the aspects of biology and environmental factors contribute to the different enzyme activities between bovine liver and yeast.
In both solutions of catalase there is a steady increase in reaction relative to the hydrogen peroxide concentration as it increases. A significant jump is observed in the carrot catalase solution between .25% and .5% whereas the pinto bean catalase solution has a steady increase. Each solution doesn’t generate much more reaction to the next increment of hydrogen peroxide concentration, 1%. In general it stayed level. This continued to be a trend for the pinto bean catalase solution, plateauing through to the 6% concentration of hydrogen peroxide. This is known as the point of saturation.
The alternate hypothesis is that there exists an optimal pH level for catecholase enzyme in which the catecholase enzyme can operate with the highest possible
This happens when the temperature is too high; the process is called “denaturing”. When an enzyme reaches a certain temperature, it will have so much energy that it is de-shaped; it is “denatured”. This diagram shows how a denatured enzyme will not work: [IMAGE] The enzymes will hardly work at very low temperatures (they wont be
Measuring The Rate Of Osmosis In Potato Cells Skill Area P. Osmosis is defined as free water molecules diffusing from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Variables - The rate of osmosis effected by many different living things, temperature of the solutions, surface area over which it can occur, Volume of solution, Volume of potato, distance through which the free water molecules have to pass and finally the difference in concentration of the solutions. This final factor is the one that we are going to test during the experiment. The temperature increase causes the cells to expand so the whole potato expands. Different volumes of potatoes at different temperatures could be measured, however trying to measure the temperature of a potato effectively without causing defects in other results would be quite hard with the equipment we are using.
The Effect of Temperature on the Activity of the Enzyme Catalase Introduction: The catalase is added to hydrogen peroxide (H²0²), a vigorous reaction occurs and oxygen gas is evolved. This experiment investigates the effect of temperature on the rate at which the enzyme works by measuring the amount of oxygen evolved over a period of time. The experiment was carried out varying the temperature and recording the results. It was then repeated but we removed the catalase (potato) and added Lead Nitrate in its place, we again tested this experiment at two different temperatures and recorded the results. Once all the experiments were calculated, comparisons against two other groups were recorded.
Three flat-bottomed vials were obtained and labeled one through three. 3 mL of hydrogen peroxide was distributed to each of the vials. One drop of liquid soap was then added to each of the vials. The contents of the vials were gently swirled to ensure mixture of the hydrogen peroxide and soap. In each vial, a pH buffer was added; vial one received pH 2 buffer, vial two received pH 7 buffer, and vial three received pH 12 buffer. 1mL of catalase was then placed into each vial and the reaction was timed for 2 minutes. At the end of two minutes, the bubble column produced was measured and recorded into Table 3. The results were then graphed, as shown in Figure
At point C (highest sucrose - lowest water concentration), there is no indication that the cell is decreasing further in mass. This is because the potato has become flaccid and no more water can leave the cell. The potato is said to be plasmolysed.
Louis Jacque Thenard discovered hydrogen peroxide in 1818. Hydrogen peroxide is a common compound that people use in their everyday lives. It is a strong oxidizing agent and a weak acid. Hydroxide peroxide does not come in 100% concentrations, however, it mostly comes in concentrations of three percent, ten percent and thirty-five percent. The concentrations vary anywhere from 3% - 90%. The chemical formula is similar to the formula of water however, it has an extra oxygen atom. Its formula is H2O2. It is also known as HO-OH, dihydrogen peroxide, Hioxy and Proxy. This compound is a molecular compound as it contains two elements that are non-metals. Hydrogen peroxide has covalent bonds because unlike ionic compounds that transfer electrons, they share their electrons in order to receive a full outer shell of eight electrons.
It is clear that hydrogen peroxides extra oxygen atom results in many more beneficial uses, especially in boosting plant growth, than water has. Not only is the use of hydrogen peroxide effective, it is also very cheap and environmentally friendly as there are no gases omitted by the chemical. The majority of the sources are centred around a main idea which is how hydrogen peroxide aids in better plant growth and can be used, not only to water the plants with, but also to get rid of unwanted infections and pests that have taken over healthy plants. All of the sources conclude with the fact that hydrogen peroxide is more useful and beneficial than water as water can cause water logging resulting in root rot, whereas hydrogen peroxide does the opposite and aerates the roots in the
The experiment was a successful when fulfilling the expectations of the potato slice within the three solutions being mentioned on the previous paragraphs. The results when the potato slices were submerged in the isotonic solution were not surprising; the potato maintained its proper shape and weight. The hypotonic solution resulted in the potato slice to have a much tougher and heavier texture compared to its original state of form. While the potato slice within the hypertonic solution caused it to be flimsy and
Hydrogen peroxide is a liquid which contains hydrogen atoms as well as two oxygen atoms. The oxygen atoms are very strong oxidizing agents therefore in order to break this substrate down it must undergo oxidation. This can be done
This hurdle is called the activation energy of the reaction. [IMAGE] By decreasing the activation energy, more substrate is changed to product in a certain amount of time. That is, the enzyme increases the rate of the reaction. [IMAGE] The activity of catalase can be measured by finding the rate of which the oxygen gas is released from the breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide.
This is because there is more hydrogen peroxide to be broken down by the enzyme and with more hydrogen peroxide in the reaction, more oxygen is released.
Hypothesis: If a test tube filled with 3% hydrogen peroxide and catalase solution, the room temperature will increase the activity. Freezer, refrigerator, and boiling water will have