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Descartes ideas about mind and body
Descartes ideas about mind and body
Descartes ideas about mind and body
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Cartesian Interactionism paper
Cartesian Interactionism is the theory that we are composed of two kinds of things. Both the Religious argument and the Knowledge argument suggest and agree that we are made up of more than just a physical shell, that we have an immortal part of us. Yet, the Mind-Body problem and the Overdetermination argument argues that this is certainly not possible. The Cartesian Interactionism belief is a plausible view of the connection between mind and the body.
Cartesian Interactionism is the belief best supported by Rene Descartes, he states that the mind and body are two separate kinds of things, yet they have a casual influence on each other. For example, if you want to scratch your ear, your mind, tells your body to, so then you scratch your ear. Descartes was more traditional, saying that the mind is made up of an immaterial substance, some kind of immortal spirit, while the body is of material being. Descartes says in Meditations on First Philosophy, “Body is of its nature always divisible; mind is wholly indivisible” (Descartes). In many ways, Descartes beliefs are best supported by people of religious faith. The religious argument is the argument that we live on after our physical death, since our mind is immortal. With that being said, who wouldn’t want to believe that dualism is true? So, many people of religious faith, accept that there is an afterlife of some kind where we can have the same senses we do as of now and maintain their religious beliefs. So, many believe that dualism must be true, since our mind is of an immortal substance. The argument is pretty much impossible to prove wrong, making it easier to accept the beliefs of dualism. In addition, Frank Jackson’s thought experiment provides...
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...use. In other words, the mind is not physical, like Descartes believes, but has an influence on our bodies, then the mental events and other physical events will have more than one cause, making Descartes wrong.
The Cartesian interactionism belief proves that the mind and body are connected but with the ideas from other arguments, the choice has become doubtful. Yes, Overdetermination and the mind-body argue that Cartesian interactionism is wrong, yet, can you prove that they are right? If Cartesian dualism is wrong, then does that mean there is no afterlife? I believe what makes this so hard to choose a stance, is the fact that if you choose to be with Cartesian dualism, you are with them for the purpose that you believe that your body consists of a soul. So, I believe that the Cartesian dualism is a more reasonable view for a connection between mind and the body.
Richard Taylor explained why the body and the mind are one, and why they are not two separate substances. In the article “The Mind as a Function of the Body”, Taylor divides his article in a number of sections and explains clearly why dualism, or the theory that the mind and the body are separate is not conceivable. In one of these sections it is explained in detail the origin of why some philosophers and people believe in dualist metaphysics. As stated by Taylor “when we form an idea of a body or a physical object, what is most likely to come to mind is not some person or animal but something much simpler, such as a stone or a marble”(133). The human has the tendency to believe a physical object as simple, and not containing anything complex. A problem with believing this is that unlike a stone or a marble a human (or an animal) has a brain and the body is composed of living cells (excluding dead skin cells, hair, and nails which are dead cells). The f...
The mind-body problem can be a difficult issue to discuss due to the many opinions and issues that linger. The main issue behind the mind-body problem is the question regarding if us humans are only made up of matter, or a combination of both matter and mind. If we consist of both, how can we justify the interaction between the two? A significant philosophical issue that has been depicted by many, there are many prominent stances on the mind-body problem. I believe property dualism is a strong philosophical position on the mind-body issue, which can be defended through the knowledge argument against physicalism, also refuted through the problems of interaction.
The mind-body problem has astounded philosophers since the beginning of time, but many researchers actively searching for solutions to the problem are nearing their final conclusion. Many have based their theories on the mind being a nonphysical thing that simply interacts with the body, known as interactionism, and many others have used physicalism as their brand of choice, where theories claim the mind and body are both physical entities and interact with one another. Even though both theories have received high remarks from top-notch philosophers and scientists, physicalism is my preference due to modern technological advances which exhibit neurological processes occurring in the brain, the physical interaction that must occur between humans’
Descartes is talking about something called interactionist substance dualism. He is stating that the mind and body causally interact with one another. This can be summed up to say that as easily as the mind can cause changes in the body, the body can also cause changes in the mind. Therefore the mind and body must be intimately united. An example of this is having the intuition to raise your hand.
On the dualism side of the argument, psychophysical parallelism and psychophysical interactionism have been advanced as explanations for the workings of mind and body. Parallelism has it that mental and physical events are independent of one another but occur simultaneously. Philosophers such as Leibnitz, for example, held that the activities of the mind and body were predetermined, and that both simply ran their course in a carefully orchestrated, synchronized, yet independent fashion. Interactionists, on the other hand, hold that mental and physical events are related in a causal way, such that the mind can influence the body and vice-versa. Descartes championed this idea with his notion that humans are "pilots in a ship;" mental beings who guide physical bodies through the world. Both psychophysical parallelism and psychophysical interactionism agree that the mind and body are of two different natures, and disagree over how closely those natures may interact.
The science’s success story that physical world is causally closed raises another argument against Descartes’ substance dualism. Physical causally closed can be interpreted as my arm reaching for apple is because I am hungry, I am hungry because used up all my energy, and used my energy to do things. So basically it is saying that every physical causes physical actions. This is contradict with Descartes’ belief because he explicit the physical matters and he thought that the mind, which was outside of physical world affects our brain to affect our behavior.
The mind body problem is the controversial idea of the connection between the mind and the body. Physicalism is a solution to the mind body problem, providing the idea that there is nothing above the world and accepts the mind to be a physical essence, nothing above the body. Physicalism provides different approaches in search of the mind and its constituents. By approaching the mind as a physical entity, behaviorist, a type of physicalism, view the mind as a category containing emotions, sensations and feelings. Another approach within physicalism is functionalism, the idea that the mind is a series of input and output of mental states. These and other approaches to physicalism, display the mind as something not out of the physical world and an entity that is not separated from the body. Physicalist believe the mind could be explained by physical sciences in the future. Some physicalist portray the mind through all the sciences while others reduced the
Outline and assess Descartes' arguments for the conclusion that mind and body are distinct substances.
René Descartes laid the foundations for Cartesian Dualism within his Meditations on First Philosophy. Descartes provides most of his dualist view within the second and sixth meditations. Dualism is the belief, or school, within philosophy of mind that the mind and body are separate. Cartesian Dualism, specifically, is essentially substance dualism, which argues that the mind and body are of separate substances, in Descartes’ case, the mind being spiritual and the body being physical. This viewpoint was a common one during Hobbe...
René Descartes was the 17th century, French philosopher responsible for many well-known philosophical arguments, such as Cartesian dualism. Briefly discussed previously, according to dualism, brains and the bodies are physical things; the mind, which is a nonphysical object, is distinct from both the brain and from all other body parts (Sober 204). Sober makes a point to note Descartes never denied that there are causal interactions between mental and physical aspects (such as medication healing ailments), and this recognition di...
Cogito ergo sum, I think therefore I am, these words said by famous philosopher Rene Descartes, entail an interesting idea, that the mind is a separate entity from the body. Those who believe in this theory are known as dualists, dualists believe that mind and body are two separate entities that interact to create a person. The materialists stand opposite to the dualists, believing that all things including the mental phenomenon of consciousness are the result of physical interactions
...ry, it is easy to notice how people need different things, and require alternate ways of studying. You notice people’s emotions and how they react to their surroundings. Some people need silence, some need music, some need space, some need distraction and some people just do it to look good.
Descartes is a very well-known philosopher and has influenced much of modern philosophy. He is also commonly held as the father of the mind-body problem, thus any paper covering the major answers of the problem would not be complete without covering his argument. It is in Descartes’ most famous work, Meditations, that he gives his view for dualism. Descartes holds that mind and body are com...
...nclude, Ryle is correct in his challenge of Descartes’ Cartesian dualism, the mind and body are not two separate parts as dictated by dualist, rather the working of the mind are not distinct from the body. As a result, an observer can understand the mind of another through the actions of the body. It is the combination that makes up a human, human, as they are one and the same.
George Herbert Mead begins his discussion of symbolic interactionism (talking with others) by defining three core principles that deal with meaning, language, and thought. The theory states that meaning is the construction of social reality. Humans act toward people or things on the basis of the meanings they assign to those people or things.