Brief Background and History
Brazil, fifth largest country in the world and in population is located in the eastern continent of South America. Making the largest country in Latin America, Brazil borders nearly every country in its continental region besides Chile and Ecuador. With its blessed biodiversity and landscapes, Brazilians take pride to be one of the world main attractions. In all its unique attributes, Brazil is the only country in the New World with the official language Portuguese.
Portugal discovered and colonized the land in the 1500's by military leader Pedro Cabral. Throughout the history of Portuguese colonization, 3.5 million slaves were brought to the country for plantation labor. During global crisis in the 17th and 18th century, immigrants from Portugal and Asia arrived to Brazil. After the independence of Portugal in 1822, Brazil was considered to have one of the most diverse nation with the combination of indigenous, African, European, Asian culture . Till this day, Brazil multi-cultural background remains the same. According to the Brazilian census the population is composed of 53% white, 43 % mulatto, 6% black, and 2% others. But as everywhere else in the world, social inequality has been prevalent. In 2010, Brazil declared that Afro-Brazilian (black and mixed race) made the majority of the population with 97 million people considering themselves black and 91 million claimed caucasian (the guardian) Marginalization is also common as whites and Asian Brazilians earns twice as much as blacks and mixed-raced Brazilians (The guardian). With diverse ethnicity comes with different religions. Though there is a melting pot in religion, Roman Catholics makes the majority with over 130 million followe...
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... income tax annually. Within the Brazilian federative system, each taxing organ (Federal Government, States and Municipalities) decide about the exemption of taxes in the scope of their attribution. All educational and social assistance are exempted from taxes at all levels. If sectors seeking for more grants, services is required to deliver some of the following requirements: Revenue Tax, social contribution on tax, Social Integration program contribution, and more. Board members or staff not be compensated (Carvalho, L, 2002, p.14). Civil institutions of more than one year can partner with state and private agencies to accommodate public resources, as long sole purposes serves social developments. Unlike public corporations, every sectors has to incorporate a Governing Board in which comprises of secretaries, board of directors, and a Executive Director (CEO).
For the government to overcome deficiencies efficiently in the sectors of industry, the private sector must have an active involvement in capital investment and creation of services. Brazil’s potential in a global market is set back by inefficiencies in infrastructure that turn away private investment.
The first chapter focuses on Brazil’s founding and history up until present. When the Portuguese were blown off course to Asia onto the coasts of Brazil in 1500, the Portuguese knew they had found a land filled with opportunities. The main attraction was the abundance of brazilwood which could be used for manufacturing luxurious fabrics in Europe. Over the centuries, exploration led to the discovery of more resources such as sugar, coffee, and precious metals that had made it a sought after country for colonization. Even to this day, Brazil maintains the image of a land with limitless resources since the recent discovery of oil and gas reserves and other commodities.
We must begin with Brazil’s history in order to understand the problem and how it came to exist. During the year 1500, Brazil was “discovered” by the Portuguese. The Portuguese saw the indigenous people as “savages” because they did not look or dress like Europeans. Hence, the idea that indigenous people are “savages” help influence the Portuguese that indigenous people need to be controlled and become more civilized. During the 16th century the Portuguese used “black” slaves to work in plantations to increase trading in Europe. After the year 1850 slave trade was abolished, but the Portuguese continued to bring slaves from Africa, illegally. Edward Eric Telles states, “Roughly three hundred years later, when the slave trade ended in 1850, 3.6 million African Americans had been brought to Brazil as slaves, ...
In seeking to develop relationships with Brazil, one must keep in mind how tight and controlled the government has become over every day affairs. A corporation would be wise to develop training programs for international consultants on issues facing the country, which is similar to the idea of the American version of lobbyists. A government that is very active in everyday affairs contains government employees that may or may not be subject to bribery; however, it is likely that corruption is a big part of the struggles of the poor to attain upward social mobility.
Brazil and the United States were both discovered and colonized by Europeans even though their population cultural patterns differ. The way that Brazilians and Americans relate to their families differ. While Americans are raised to be individualists, Brazilians are known to have a close-knit family; Consequently, supporting your family members in Brazil is considered an imperative value. As a result, young Americans achieve their independence much earlier than young Brazilians.
Filh, Alfredo Saad. "Neoliberalism, Democracy, and Development Policy in Brazil." DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIETY June 2010: 1-28.
Slavery in Brazil began long before the first Portuguese settlement was established in 1532. Because certain forms of slavery had existed for centuries on the continent of Africa, Brazilian historians used to say that us blacks imported from across the Atlantic, were ready to accept their new status as ''Slaves''. Slave labor was the driving force behind the growth of the sugar economy in Brazil. Gold and diamond deposits were discovered in Brazil in about 1690, which sparked an increase in the importation of African slaves to power this new market. According to many depressed characteristics, Brazil is identified as a developing country, nevertheless is occupies a special place on the list of these countries. Having a huge potential and a high level of economic development, Brazil has found a place on the list of the highest slavery rates. With that being said then you could already ready conclude that there where many slaves imported to the country, Brazil. Brazil had the largest slave population in the world, substantially larger than the United States. The Portuguese who settled Brazil needed labor to work the large estates and mines in their new Brazilian colony. They turned to slavery which became central to the colonial economy. It was particularly important in the mining and sugar cane sectors. Slavery was also the mainstay in the Caribbean islands with economies centered on sugar. Estimates suggest that about 35 percent of captured Africans involved in the Atlantic slave trade were transported to Brazil. Estimates suggest that more than 3 million Africans reached Brazil, although precise numbers do not exist. Brazil had begun to turn to slavery in the 15th century as explorers began moving along the coast of Africa.
Introduction Brazil is the largest and most populous country in South America. It is the 5th largest country worldwide in terms of both areas (more than 8.5 Mio. km2) and inhabitants (appr. 190 million).
“Tourist Attractions, Performing Race and Masculinity in Brazil’s Sexual Economy” ventures into the Brazilian sexual economy and the facets that develop, shape, and reproduce garoto’s sexuality and identity. The topics this paper will discuss are: the way tourist perceive sex worker’s performance of Brazilianness, Race, and Masculinity, Gregory Mitchell’s reframing of prostitution through sexual, performative, and affective labor, how sexuality is produced and reproduced by the tourists and sex workers, and finally the nature of the tourists’ quest for authenticity. In addition, a critical question will be presented that inquires on the advent of social media, dating apps, and technology in Brazil’s sexual economy. Brazil as the largest country
In 1822, Brazil became a nation independent from Portugal. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil has overcome more than half a century of military government to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development. With an abundance of natural resources and a large labor pool, Brazil became Latin America's leading economic power by the 1970’s. Brazil is located in Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It is slightly smaller than the U.S., with bordering countries Argentina, Bolivia, Columbia, French Guyana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Evidence of African roots are identifiable throughout Brazil. Brazil is the second most populated country of Blacks. Many different tones from mulatto to caboclo to black are present with culture that has flourished since African slaves first arrived to the country. The slaves that came to South America, brought their religion, gods, and music along with them, giving Brazil a cultural identity and a place among other nations. The profits of African slavery have allowed Brazil to gain capital and build a government based mainly on sugar exports. Although Brazil was the first to claim themselves free of racism, throughout history they often put slaves in even worse conditions than the US. Easy accessibility to import African slaves, meant that
Brazil is both the fifth largest country in the world based off of land size and population (World Factbook). Brazil has used this demographic as a strength in its efforts to find some sort of stability in a very unstable economic climate. Brazil is the largest national economy in Latin America the world's eighth largest economy at market exchange rates and the and 10 in purchasing power parity (PPP) or GDP, according to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank (World Fact Book). There are many factors to the development of the Brazilian economy, each having an impact, but the development is not complete.
“A formal public commitment to legal racial equality, for example, had been the price of mass support for Latin American’s independence movements. In the generation following independence, the various mixed-race classifications typical of the caste system were optimistically banished from census forms and parish record keeping.” This was meant to make all slaves citizens, equal to all other citizens. Slavery receded in Latin America, except in non-republican Brazil, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. However, Brazil’s pursuit of independence was the least violent and provoked the least amount of change. The case of Brazil suggests that retention of colonial institutions such as monarchies lent to stability. “Brazil had retained a European dynasty; a nobility of dukes, counts, and barons sporting coats of arms; a tight relationship between church and state; and a full commitment to the institution of chattel slavery, in which some people worked others to death.”
In 1500's the Portuguese, led by explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral, arrived in Brazil. One of the first measures taken by the new arrivals was the conquering of the local population, the Brazilian Indians, in order to allow the Portuguese slave labor (for sugarcane and cotton). The experience with the Indians was a failure. The Indians quickly died in captivity or fled to their nearby homes. The Portuguese then began to import slave labor from Africa. On the other side of the Atlantic, free men and women were captured, loaded onto slave ships and sent on nightmare voyages that would end in bondage.