How have scientific techniques contributed to our understanding of European Bog Bodies?
Bog bodies are bodies that have either been forced or fell into a peat bog while still alive. A bog itself is a wetland that over years accumulates a matter called peat, which is a deposit of dead plant material (mainly sphagnum moss). Over time the moss in these bogs will die and it is replaced by new moss, however the old matter turns into what is known as ‘peat’, a thick fibrous layer. When the bog water interacts with the acids in the moss, it creates tannin, a yellowish organic substance, and other chemicals that preserves the body incredibly well after it has fallen into the bog for many years. As the sphagnum moss dies, it releases a carbohydrate
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The analysis of skeletal remains helps provide a biological identity that aids in the identification process Since bones and teeth are so durable they are extremely pivotal as they provide such a wealth of data and therefore can gather information such as gender, height, age, pathology, and ancestral origin. Skeletal analysis has been able to show ordeals that people in the Iron Age might have faced, for example, in 1942 two bog bodies were found on Sealand, Denmark. Evidence has shown that both of these bodies had trepanations performed on them, with one skull having a hole of 0.63 inches in the middle of their skull. Trepanation is one of the world’s oldest known surgery, which involves boring a hole into the person’s head, normally to remove a blood clot but also for the removal of spirits (Archive.archaeology.org, 2018). Other skeletal evidence has provided us with information such as the Lindow Man is estimated to have been between 1.68-1.73m tall and weighed around 64kg. Food residue was also discovered showing his last meal was a cake of some sort made of wheat and barley (Jewkes and Jewkes, 2018). Complications regard skeletal analysis are few as it is highly respected technique, making the evidence which is found, not only fascinating as it provides a deep view into the lives of our ancestors, but also
The skeleton had a hideous impact to the community and was predicted by local investigators to be reasonably modern. To get better understanding and avoid confusion, a bone sample was sent to a laboratory in the USA for investigation and analysation using series of scientific
"On Food and History." 'On Food and History' N.p., 13 May 2008. Web. 25 Oct. 2013.
Archaeologist Miranda Green has said that the injuries on the bog bodies clearly display that the effort and care that has been put into the execution of these bodies supports the hypothesis that they were not executed as a disciplinary measure, but as ritualized sacrifices. Though Miranda Green was not there at the time of the killing, she has studied the wounds on the bodies which have shown a great help in determining what happened to
Within the last few years, bodies have been found in bogs all across Ireland and Northern Europe. PBS took us through a documentary, named “The Ghost of the Murdered Kings”, in hopes to find some missing information on these peculiar bodies. Although they weren’t just skeletons, the bodies were preserved due to the highly acidic waters and peat that grows there. Grobbel Man, Old Croghan Man, Clonycavan Man, and several more have been found by everyday farmers. One in particular stood out that was discovered recently, Cashel Man, who seemed to have died over 4000 years ago. The documentary showed many different archeologists finding out solutions as to why this body seems to have gashes in it, while not having much information to go off of. Identifying callus’ on their hands, hair on their head, and determining what they found as their last meal in their stomach, they found that Cashel Man (and one other body) must have been kings that were sacrificed to the gods. This was deemed significant, as they weren’t burned like the other bodies in that time era.
Like a blueprint or instruction manual, the objective of a rhetorical analysis is to dissect a written argument, identify its many parts, and explain how all of them come together to achieve a desired effect. Susan Bordo, a professor of Gender and Women’s Studies at the University of Kentucky, wrote “The Empire of Images in Our World of Bodies”, published in 2003 in The Chronicle of Higher Education. Her essay examines how the media plays a pervasive role in how women view their bodies to the point where we live in an empire of images and there are no protective borders. In “The Empire of Images in Our World of Bodies”, Bordo not only effectively incorporates numerous facts and statistics from her own research and the research of others; she also appeals to emotional realities of anxiety and inadequacy felt by women all over the world in regards to their body image. Ultimately, her intent is to critique the influence of the media on self-confidence and body image, and to remind her audience of the overt as well as subconscious messages they are receiving on a daily basis.
Combining the diet of his era , with rhapsodies he heard and learned it is safe to assume that the diet he reported during the Trojan war contain many elements of his era .
All throughout history, the religion of Voodoo, or Vodou, has been hushed, covered up, and considered evil. This background essay will go through the history, the opinions and fears, and a few aspects of rituals. The exact history of the religion is unknown, which only adds to the ignorance and the confusion of Voodoo. Some say it came from the Italian exiles from the Italian Revolution (Hall, 1995) while others say that the origins are elusive (National Geographic). As many as four million individuals practice this official religion. From the early eighteenth century to the late nineteenth century, Voodoo progressed into a feared religion by many in New Orleans and beyond. With zombies, queens, rituals and more, Voodoo has become more popular than ever, however, with popularity comes controversy.
There are numerous unanswered questions surrounding the Northern European Bog Bodies phenomenon including "How, or why, or even when, the bodies became immersed in quagmires." (Turner, R.C, Scaife, R.G (ed.),1995,p.169). Despite vast amounts of evidence there are still no easy answers that account for the Iron age bodies. However there are four main competing theories providing possible causes including: the Sacrifice theory, Punishment theory, Boundary theory and the Accidental death theory. All these competing theories will be further examined and critically analysed throughout this text allowing us to depict the most convincing and plausible solution for the mystery of the Iron Age Bog Bodies.
Introduction Caretta caretta, otherwise known as the Loggerhead Sea Turtle, is an oceanic turtle that exist throughout the globe. They are circumtropical species (LeBlanc et al. 2014) meaning they are distributed throughout temperate and tropical ocean regions, but most abundant species are found in the United States coastal range. Loggerheads largest nesting aggregations in the Atlantic are found along the southeastern United States coastal range where about 80% of all nesting occurs and 90% of all hatchlings are produced (Abecassis et al. 2013).
renovating a palazzo his men found the bones of a human. When I got to
A scientific team was assembled and, over a three-day period, the remains were extracted and taken to the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Innsbruck.
The Tollund Man The Tollund Man is one of Europe's best-known bog bodies. He was found, alongside The Grauballe Man in the early 1950s. Bog bodies recovered from the past are quite wide spread throughout Northern Europe, especially in Denmark, Germany and Ireland. The peat perfectly preserves the bodies due to anaerobic conditions, although the bodies are found blackened, their fingertips, hair and clothing are all still intact.
Forensic science is a key to help solve every modern murder case. But because Ötzi was over 5000 years old, scientists required the help of high tech techniques involving specialties like archeobotany and paleometallurgy. Scientist were able to recognize Ötzi as a 5 foot 5-inch man (which was the average height for this time), who weighed 110 pounds, had brown eyes and shoulder length, dark brown hair, and had a size 7 ½ foot size. He was about 45 years old which was reasonably old for the time period he lived in. Ötzi had the physique of a man who did a lot of walking, but his hands show that he was not a manual laborer. He barely had any fat on his body and had all of his teeth, but in between his two upper front teeth was a 3-mm gap, an inherited condition called Diastema. Scientists were able to find traces of pollen
January 2004 M.A.T.R.I.X Introduction To Archaeology: Origins of Food Production. Electronic document. http://www.indiana.edu/~arch/saa/matrix/ia/ia03_mod_12.html, Accessed October 9, 2010