There are differences in the human blood known as blood groups. There are four main blood groups which are blood group A, B, AB and O. These blood groups can be classified into either positive or negative. Therefore, there are total eight variations of human blood groups. There are two types of antigen and antibodies in human blood. The antigens are located in red blood cell and the antibodies are located in the blood plasma. The antigens are antigen A and antigen B while the antibodies are antibody A and antibody B. Blood group A contained antigen A and antibody B and blood group B contained antigen B and antibody A. Blood group AB contained antigen A and antigen B but it does not contain any antibody. Blood group O does not contain any antigen …show more content…
The blood of the donor must be compatible with the blood of the recipient. This is because of the clumping of blood will occur if incompatible blood from the donor is transfused into the recipient. Several incidents will occur to the blood recipient such as renal failure and shock because the clumped red blood cells are cracked. If a person is suffered from severe agglutination of blood in the body after blood transfusion, it will cause death. Therefore, it is very important to know the blood groups of the blood donor and recipient. Person of blood group A can only receive blood from the person of blood group A and O only while the person of blood group B can only receive blood from the person of blood group B and O only. This is due to the absence of their corresponding antibodies in the blood of the donor. Person of blood group AB can receive blood from the person of any blood group because it does not contain any of the antibodies that will cause clumping of blood. Due to this fact, people of blood group AB are known as universal recipients. Then, the person with blood group O cannot receive any blood group except blood group O only but he can donate blood to the person of any blood group. This is because blood group O does not contain any antigen but contain both of the antibody A and antibody B. Therefore, people of blood group O are known as universal donors. Besides that, …show more content…
Blood plasma is a mixture of water, inorganic ions, proteins, gases, nutrients and hormones which made up 55% of the total volume of the blood. First and foremost, water is the main component of blood plasma, it made up 90% of plasma and acted as a solvent for carrying other substances in body such as nutrients, wastes and respiratory gases. Besides that, the inorganic ions such as sodium ion, potassium ion and calcium ion are helped in maintaining the osmotic balance and the ion concentration of the interstitial fluid. They also helped in pH buffering of blood to keep the blood in slightly basic condition. Then, the role of plasma protein is to reserve the supply of amino acids for cell nutrition. The cells known as macrophages have broken down the plasma protein to release their amino acids in order to synthesis new products. There are three types of plasma protein which are albumins, immunoglobulins and fibrinogens. Albumins help to transport drugs, hormones and fatty acids by dissolving them in the blood plasma. (Nall,2013) Immunoglobulins are a type of antibodies that help in the immune system of the body. They helped to defense the body by binding to the antigens. Fibrinogen is a sticky protein which played a main role in blood clotting. For gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide are the
Racism, a plague in our society that has infected our society, and still does today, has been rooted by the premise of Darwinian evolution. Racism existed long before Charles Darwin made his mark in history; however, in the book One Race One Blood, the authors explain how there is a very close relationship between the theory of evolution and what we know today as racism. The authors intent of this book is to realize the effects of a specific ideas that has shaped racism. Mr. Ken Ham describes ideas as being seeds, “…they might seem small; they might seem insignificant; they might even go unnoticed by all expect those who hold them in the moment…” (7). Charles Darwin’s idea (or seeds) of his evolutionary has taken root and made its way into public schools, the government, and even our churches. Although, racism did not originate with Darwin, Ken Ham claims that, “he did more than any other person to popularize it” (22). His evolutionary ideas have fueled racism and this is what racists use to justify their hatred toward those who are different from them (8).
Plasma is one of the three components of blood and contains all the clotting factors found in blood. From the plasma many different products are manufactured, these are fresh frozen plasma or when the plasma is split into its different components. Plasma is obtained from voluntary donors who donate just plasma via an apheresis machine or they donate whole blood which then gets centrifuged to separate the plasma from the rest of the blood.
Blood types can be categorized in many different ways. Karl Landsteiner categorized “the first three blood groups…[as] A, B and C (subsequently renamed O from the German word “ohne” which means “without”)” (Franchini 1545). Each of these blood groups also have unique properties that give the blood an inability to mix with other blood types. For example, Landsteiner has found out that type-A red blood cells contains an A-antigen and anti-B in its serum (Franchini 1545). Type A blood contains the monosaccharides N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, fructose, and “a N-acetylgalactosamine attached to galactose” (Timberlake 556).The A-antigen is used as an identifier for the body to determine whether something in the bodies system belongs or ...
Wallace Terry has collected a wide range of stories told by twenty black Vietnam veterans. The stories are varied based on each experience; from the horrific to the heart breaking and to the glorified image of Vietnam depicted by Hollywood. Wallace Terry does not insinuate his opinion into any of the stories so that the audience can feel as if they are having a conversation with the Vietnam Veteran himself. Terry introduces the purpose of the book by stating, “ Among the 20 men who portray their war and postwar experiences in this book. I sought a representative cross section of the black combat force.”(p. XV) Although the stories in this book were not told in any specific order, many themes became prominent throughout the novel such as religion, social, and health.
In today’s society, it is acknowledgeable to assert that the concepts of race and ethnicity have changed enormously across different countries, cultures, eras, and customs. Even more, they have become less connected and tied with ancestral and familial ties but rather more concerned with superficial physical characteristics. Moreover, a great deal can be discussed the relationship between ethnicity and race. Both race and ethnicity are useful and counterproductive in their ways. To begin, the concept of race is, and its ideas are vital to society because it allows those contemporary nationalist movements which include, racist actions; to become more familiar to members of society. Secondly, it has helped to shape and redefine the meaning of
There are four different types of blood; A, B, AB, and O. This is called the ABO blood typing system. All four different types of blood serve the same purpose of transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the human body. But what makes them different? Blood typing is based on the presence or absence of A and B cell antigens which trigger antibodies. Each kind of blood has it’s own antibody or immunoglobulin, which are proteins produced by the immune system to help stop intruders from invading your body. Therefore,
Although blood transfusions had been used before the First World War, many were not successful due to lack of knowledge in this type of treatments. World War I pushed the development of blood transfusions, allowing them to be safer. Before the war in the 17th century, blood transfusions often occurred with the use of animal blood, a practice that did not achieve desired results. These transfusions often times came from sheep, and although they were sometimes successful, it was discovered that any large amounts of transfusions would cause death. Coming to the conclusion that animal blood transfusions did not save lives, scientists looked to humans for human to human transfusions. Many of these attempted transfusions were met with failure but in 1818, Dr. James Blundell accomplished the first successful human blood transfusion; four ounces of blood were transferred to the patient from her husband. From that moment on, doctors began to learn even more about blood transfusions and how to do them properly. By 1901, the four human blood groups were discovered by Karl Landsteiner; with less differences in the bloods transfused together, coagulation and clumping amounts decreased. This benefited many lives in that toxic reactions to the wrong types of blood did not occu...
Each red blood cell in the human body contains about 280 million hemoglobin molecules. Hemoglobin is the most important component of red blood cells. Red blood cells are composed of a protein (globulin) and a molecule (heme), which binds to iron. Normal hemoglobin causes regular oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. In the lungs, the heme, which binds to iron, component takes up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. The red blood cells carry the oxygen to the body's tissues, where ...
Lizzie tells Mr. Borden: “I’m supposed to be a mirror. I’m supposed to reflect what you want to see” (Pollock, 39). The literary technique used here is symbolism, because Mr. Borden represents society since Lizzie is “supposed to” do or “reflect” what society wants so that she can fit into it.
the body's chemical reactions are all made of protein. Without the right proteins, blood won't clot properly and cuts won't heal. Carbohydrates and fat can't meet your energy needs, proteins can. broken down and used as a source of emergency energy. So this makes protein is very crucial for your health.
Complete Blood Count with Differential is one of the most commonly ordered tests for routine check-ups and/or physicals. A complete blood count with differential measures the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet levels, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Most of the time it is ordered as a screening test to check for anemia or infection. The Complete Blood Count with Differential is used to aid in diagnosing and treating a large number of conditions (Lockwood, 2013).
Race and ethnicity are two terms that are constantly used in today’s society. Understanding these terms can help people to recognize that color of skin or color of hair does not define a person. These terms connect with history, social interaction, and the overall make up of a person. However America is constantly obsessed with labeling people by the way that they look or the way that they act. America seems to encourage the terms race and ethnicity and continue to divide people into categories. It is interesting to comprehend these terms because they are not going to disappear any time soon. Race and ethnicity are apart of America’s history and will be a part of the future.
Being able to identify with a certain group has been an issue that individuals hesitate with daily. Am I Black, are you a girl, what religion do you practice? These are all common questions that society has forced individuals to concentrate on. Should an individual have to pick a side or is it relevant to the human race to identify with any group? One may believe not, but for others having and knowing one’s own identity is important, because it is something that they have been developing their entire life. Along with how their identity influenced their life chances and their self-esteem. This can also affect how society interact with whatever identity an individual chooses to live. Which is why it was important to recognize how identifying
Aim and objective : To produce blood smear and stain by using the wrights stain
Our blood is able to connect all our organs together to create one organism and is able to transport the most vital and important molecules through these blood streams. Hence, blood cells are needed for immune system function and metabolic functions.