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History of studies on black holes
Physics behind black holes
Physics behind black holes
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Black Holes
Evan Bunis
Groton Dunstable Regional
A Black Hole is defined as an object in space that is so compact, that has a gravitational pull so powerful, not even light can escape its pull. In most cases Black Holes are formed when a massive star (much larger than our own) undergoes a supernova explosion. When this happens, the star may collapse on its own gravitational pull, thus resulting in a an object with infinitely large density and zero volume. As a result, the escape velocity (the speed required to escape the gravitational pull) becomes even greater than the speed of light, and because nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, nothing can escape a black hole.
The idea of Black Holes was first proposed in the 1700s by scientists John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace, who argued, independant of each other, that there might be objects in the universe with such a large gravitational force, that even light could be trapped. Published in 1916 Einstein’s theory of general relativity which included how gravity does affect light’s motion, gave way to scientific discoveries involving black holes. In Einstein’s own theory, he was only able to approximate the solutions to some of his own equations, however Karl Schwarzschild was able to provide the solutions. These solutions described objects like black holes that had such massive density that nothing could escape them. Schwarzschild theorized that if an object had such a small radius, that the escape velocity will be greater than the speed of light. Because as previously mentioned, nothing is faster than the speed of light, the object would be sucked into itself by it’s own gravitational pull, which would cause the object to disappear. What r...
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...nd charge. All the other matter that went into the black hole is negligible, it is completely lose and there is no way to know what it was. Clifford A. Pickover describes this by saying,
All other information about a black hole prior to its formation is lost when matter is crushed into the singularity. For example, if you had a sufficient number of television sets crammed into the appropriate volume of space, the black hole formed would give you no clue that the original matter came from television sets. No amount of detective work would force a black hole to reveal the secret of its background.
In the 1970’s, Stephen Hawking made the argument that the quantum-mechanical effects of black holes made them emit radiation
news from hawking radiation heat black hole evaporation wormholeas how they are found end: what would happen if you fell in sun became one
Starting with black holes, Khalili describes the creation of one. I found that a black hole is what remains when a massive star dies. Because stars are so massive and made out of gas, there is an intense gravitational field that is always trying to collapse the star. As the star dies, the nuclear fusion reactions stop because the fuel for these reactions gets burned up. At the same time, the star's gravity pulls material inward and compresses the core. As the core compresses, it heats up and eventually creates a supernova explosion in which the material and radiation blasts out into space. What remains is the highly compressed and extremely massive core. The core's gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape. This object is now a black hole and literally cannot be seen because of the absence of light. Because the core's gravity is so strong, the core sinks through the fabric of space-time, creating a hole in space-time. The core becomes the central part of the black hole called the singularity. The opening of the hole is called the event horizon. Khalili describes that there are two different kinds of black holes:
The origins of the super-massive black holes which concludes how they were formed and what caused them to form is an unsolved problem which is yet a mystery of astrophysics. ( Millis 2014)
The American scientist John Wheeler coined the phrase “black hole” in 1969 to describe a massively compact star with such a strong gravitational field that light cannot escape. When a star’s central reserve of hydrogen is depleted, the star begins to die. Gravity causes the center to contract to higher and higher temperatures, while the outer regions swell up, and the star becomes a red giant. The star then evolves into a white dwarf, where most of its matter is compressed into a sphere roughly the size of Earth. Some stars continue to evolve, and their centers contract to even higher densities and temperatures until their nuclear reserves are exhausted and only their gravitational energy remain. The core then rushes inward while the mantle explodes outward, creating neutron stars in the form of rapidly rotating pulsars. Imploding stars overwhelmed by gravity form black holes, where the core hits infinite density and becomes a singularity (some estimate it at 10^94 times the density of water).
First, even from birth this mathematical and theoretical genius has an irregular story. Hawking had been born on the three hundredth anniversary of Galileo’s death, this proving later to be a great point of inspiration and motivation for him and his research. The date being January 8, 1942, a later recognized genius was born
Just recently a major discovery was found with the help of a device known as The Hubble Telescope. This telescope has just recently found what many astronomers believe to be a black hole, After being focuses on a star orbiting empty space. Several pictures of various radiation fluctuations and other diverse types of readings that could be read from that area which the black hole is suspected to be in.
In 1972, scientist pinpointed a radio emission in the same area. This is still puzzling to scientist today but all they knew was that it was originated from the same area as the x-ray source and apparently came from open space. The scientist watched this area for months and finally waited until the spot in space came over the star next to it. When it did there was startling results. The spot in space eclipsed the star next to it. The spot was then named Cygnus X-1 and was officially the first Black hole discovered.
Scientists are still trying to debate if black holes are real or not. Black holes also eventually evaporate. Thesis: Black holes are collapsed stars with a strong gravitational pull and they still stump scientists with all of their mysteries. II.
Geologist John Mitchell is credited with first devising the idea of a black hole. He said that if some force could compress the sun down to an small enough size, it would have a gravitational field so strong, that one would need to be going faster than the speed of light to escape it (UTFC). All objects in the universe have what is called a schwarzschild radius. An object’s schwarzschild radius is the radius that an object would have to be compressed into in order to have an escape velocity greater than that of the speed of light, or a black hole. (VSBH). Using the earth as an example, if the entire earth was compressed to the size of a peanut, it would become a black hole (VSBH). Earth would then have a gravitational field so strong that not even light could escape it. However there is no known force that can compress earth down to such a small size.
...plicating a type of gravity that does not have to travel through extra dimensions like the gravity we experience in our daily lives. What is so special about these experiments at CERN is that they will be some of the first physical evidence proving Hawking’s black hole theories. If these black holes are created, it would make the possibility of string theory and extra dimensions quite likely. This will help lead to further research into the string and super-symmetry theories and eventually an understanding of the entire universe. Perhaps Hawking’s most far-fetched proposal is his no-boundary condition (supported by scientific evidence). He believes that the universe randomly comes about like bubbles in flowing water. Time starts when this universe is created. Our universe, according to Hawking, has no creator and exists entirely on its own, perhaps forever.
Einstein himself, working at Princeton with Nathan Rosen had discovered that the equations of relativity actually represent a black hole as a bridge between two regions of flat space-time, a phenomenon known as the “Einstein-Rosen Bridge”. Later on, in 1963, the New Zealand mathematician Roy Kerr found that if a black hole is rotating, a singularity still forms, but in the form of a ring, not a point. It was believed that in principle, a particle may be able to fall towards the singularity, but if at some point moved through the hole instead of the ring, the particle may not be lost forever. Therefore, with these theories in mind, a particle falling into a black hole will fall through the ring that the singularity has become, then going through the Einstein-Rosen Bridge, eventually being spewed out of the white hole into another space-time continuum.
A recording device could also be sent with the object for top observation. Stephen Hawking also has a blundering idea about black holes. He was told that nothing could escape a black hole and everything that it sucked up was gone forever, but after a little bit of research he discovered that radiation could flow right of the black holes. We could possibly use the radiation coming off the black holes to find some certain details about where everything goes and what happens to it. Black holes could be the answer to a lot of things some people even believe time travel we just need NASA and others help to research
The black holes the strong and powerful object of destruction. So do you want to get on a verge to start exploring about it so you could be famous.black holes is a destructive object that can suck up everything. The more they suck up the bigger it is. My paper is about black holes and to give knowledge of black holes to you. So if you black hole knowledge in the near future, read on.
Next to cosmology, Hawking is one of many physicists who are seeking out a flawless theory of Quantum Gravity. This topic is listed under the "Stephen Hawking" Wikipedia entry as one of Hawking's primary fields of research.
Stephen Hawking’s brilliance and popularity can easily be identified as a near equivalent as that of Darwin, Newton, or Einstein. Some of his greatest achievements include defining and redefining black holes, analyzing the beginning of time and space, and popularizing science. In 1974, Hawking presented a theory so radical, it would be later recognized as “Hawking radiation.” He argued that black holes actually emit energy. This point—although seemingly insignificant—brought key concepts of classical and quantum physics together, reshaping the way scientists see the universe. In 1983, Hawking worked together with James Hartle to propose yet another theory: the universe has no physical boundaries. Traveling the length of the universe would be
Science fiction deals with the impact of actual and imagined science on society or individuals. It mostly speculates the technological advancement that may be obtained in the near future. Although most of the story is based on fiction, different elements of science that exist in the real world are also depicted in it. Some schools show science fiction movies to the students to enhance the learning process, while others only rely on text books. Not all classroom materials can be covered by science fiction narratives. However, making this genre a part of the education system can help students learn better and become more enthusiastic about any subject matter.