BioPure Corporation, which was founded in 1984 by entrepreneurs Carl Rausch and David Judelson, is a privately owned biopharmaceutical firm specializing in the ultra purification of proteins for human and veterinary use. In 1998 Biopure pioneered the development of oxygen therapeutics using “Hemoglobin”, a new class of pharmaceuticals that are intravenously administered to deliver oxygen to the body's tissues. Biopure's two products, Hemopure for human use, and Oxyglobin for animal veterinary use, both represented a new Oxygen based treatment approach for managing patients' oxygen requirements in a broad range of potential medical applications. The factor distinguishing Biopure’s two products from other blood substitute products being developed by two possible rivals, Baxter International and Northfeild Laboratories, is that its hemoglobin based source is bovine rather than human and was derived from the blood cells of cattle. Both of Biopure’s blood substitute products were in the final stages of the approval process of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998. Oxyglobin had just received the FDA’s approval for commercial release declaring it safe and effective for medical use. Hemopure was entering final Phase 3 clinical trials and was optimistically expected to see final FDA approval for release in 1999. The FDA approval of Oxyglobin and its possible subsequent release into the veterinary market caused concern over whether the early release of Hemoglobin would impinge BioPure’s ability to price Hemopure when the product finally received approval. Given that the two products were almost identical in properties and function, it was thought that the early release of Oxyglobin would create an unrealistic price expectation for Hemopure if released first. Although blood transfusions in the veterinary market are infrequent and the market scope is limited, Oxyglobin has the potential to become a lucrative investment for Biopure. Based on the approximate 355,000 blood transfusions (please see Exhibit 1 for the calculations behind this estimate) performed on animals in 1995, a definite opportunity exists for Oxyglobin within the veterinary blood market. Since the number of blood transfusions conducted in 1995 represented on average only 2.5% of animals suffering from acute blood loss, increased availability of animal blood could possibly stimulate the market. In order to estimate the possible impacts of introducing Oxyglobin as a major product, it was assumed that Biopure would be able to produce and sell its full capacity of 300,000 units per year. As can be seen in Exhibit 1, the results of such an aggressive marketing strategy would yield a positive gross margin of between 49% and 66%, assuming the product was sold at a price of $100 to $150 per unit.
There are two solutions that provide the optimal profit given the current constraints under which JP Molasses operates. Under these conditions, the optimal profit is $63,571. This profit margin is achieved in both cases with revenue of $942,354 and cost of $412,333 for material purchased and $466,450 for fixed and variable costs in processing, for total cost of $878,783.
A. Define the Problem Natureview Farm, Inc. (Natureview), a small yogurt company founded in 1989, produces and markets yogurt using natural ingredients and a distinct manufacturing method that yields a smooth, creamy texture without adding artificial thickeners. As a result of this emphasis on natural ingredients, the brand has established a reputation for high quality, great tasting yogurt and is the leading natural foods brand of refrigerated yogurt. Natureview’s yogurts – available in twelve flavors in 8-ounce cups, four flavors in 32-ounce cups, and multi-pack yogurt products – are distributed nationally and the company shares leadership in the natural food channel. In 1999, the company’s revenues grew from $100,000 to $13 million; however, despite Natureview’s success and well-established brand, the company has long battled to preserve a steady level of profitability. In 1996, Jim Wagner was hired as chief financial officer and was able to successfully achieve steady profitability for the company.
To help people with chronic anemia a synthetic version of Erythropoietin was produced called r-HuEPO, while provin...
Although blood transfusions had been used before the First World War, many were not successful due to lack of knowledge in this type of treatments. World War I pushed the development of blood transfusions, allowing them to be safer. Before the war in the 17th century, blood transfusions often occurred with the use of animal blood, a practice that did not achieve desired results. These transfusions often times came from sheep, and although they were sometimes successful, it was discovered that any large amounts of transfusions would cause death. Coming to the conclusion that animal blood transfusions did not save lives, scientists looked to humans for human to human transfusions. Many of these attempted transfusions were met with failure but in 1818, Dr. James Blundell accomplished the first successful human blood transfusion; four ounces of blood were transferred to the patient from her husband. From that moment on, doctors began to learn even more about blood transfusions and how to do them properly. By 1901, the four human blood groups were discovered by Karl Landsteiner; with less differences in the bloods transfused together, coagulation and clumping amounts decreased. This benefited many lives in that toxic reactions to the wrong types of blood did not occu...
Animals have always held a very special place in the hearts of the human race. They are our best friends, our stress relievers, members of our families, and our test subjects for experimentation. For hundreds of years, animals have been used in laboratory settings as a replacement for humans when studying the effects of medical treatments. On average, nearly one hundred million animals are used in clinical trials every year (Ferdowsian). These animals have contributed to hundreds of breakthroughs in the medical field including countless toxicity tests to determine drug toxicity to humans, and exposure to paralyzing anesthetics to create anesthesia used in surgical procedures today. These animals have been vital
The calculations of Denver’s return on assets, profit margin, and asset turnover, both with and without the new product line are: The return on asset $12,000/$100,000 = .12 current results, $13, 500/$100,000 = .135 proposed without cannibalization, $12,000/$100,000 = .12 proposed results with cannibalization, next the Profit margin $ 12,000/$45,000 = .27 current results, $13,500/$60,000 = .225 proposed results without cannibalization, $12,000/$50,000 = .24 proposed results with cannibalization, and lastly, Asset turnover $45,000/$100,000 = .45 current results, $60,000/$100,000 = .60 proposed results without cannibalization, and $50,000/$100,000 = .50 proposed with cannibalization. The chart is located in Example A.
Technologies centred around artificial blood include an Arterial Blood Gas Analyser and a Pulse Oximeter, these technologies allow measurements of oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide concentrations in blood which helps evaluate the ventilation, oxygenation, acid-base levels and oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. The development of artificial blood can eradicate any problems with blood transfusions in the future as an inexpensive and risk free alternative.
The idea and concept behind this project is to identify the unknown blood types of the synthetic samples. Synthetic blood is used for blood transfusions and is important because if someone was given the incompatible blood type, you could become very sick and possibly die. Blood transfusions are very helpful for saving lives but negative outcomes will occur if the blood is not compatible. This background research paper will discuss different blood types and the importance of blood transfusions.
Without fully knowing how something could affect the body and just throwing it on the market, leaves a lot of room for mistake and little explanation on how those complications could have been avoided. There have been countless drugs causing the death of many 10,000 children and adults that could have been saved if the lives of a few animals been spared in the search for the answers, as presented in Hajar’s work. Scientist do not set out to harm animals and treat them in the worse ways imaginable, but that’s what organizations like Peta, would like for people who ultimately decide on laws and procedures like to believe. It is unrealistic to think that all medical advancements can be found and done in a test tube and have the same hopeful outcome as if it was done on a live specimen. Therefore, in advocacy for animal testing in the use of medical advancements and developments. This article with be the main source of my argument due to it’s compact usefulness and other links present within the article. It clearly outlines everything presented above that allows me to understand both sides of the argument and present it in a way that supports my claim for the continued use of animal
Blood transfusions are potentially life-saving procedure that can help replace blood lost due to surgery or injury. Every two seconds someone in the United States needs blood (Blood Facts 1). Blood has been used as a form of therapy for a variety of ailments dating back as far as the 17th century. There is no question that blood is an incredibly valuable resource. Over the years, there have been several significant advances made in not only the research of blood but also medicine. The history and research of blood transfusions has brought the discovery of blood types and the incompatibilities of said blood types.
The first issue consists of whether we should discontinue the process of AZ42 production and only make AZ45. Although the financials figures reveal that the AZ45 produces a greater bottom line, a more intuitive analysis has to be undertaken in order to understand whether that is really the case. Determining cost per unit can be computed using the Traditional or the ABC costing method. The VP of Woodward Farm Inc. cannot stress enough how important it is to sell a greater quantity of the AZ45 in order to conquer a greater market share.
Millions of animals are used to test consumer products, but they also become victims to experiments for medical research. In The Ethics of Animal Research (2007) both authors state that there have been many medical advances with the development of medicines and treatments as a result of research conducted on animals (para 1). These medical i...
Blood safety is an important issue. People end up needing blood transfusions for many reasons that all mean they have already entered the medical system needing care for injuries or disease, yet there is a risk that their treatment can hurt or even kill them. Public health has made tremendous strides in blood safety over the past few decades, but there is still more that needs to be done. Because of how broad the donation system is, individual treatment of these adverse reactions is not a good preventative measure and instead this must be seen as a public health issue. Increased reporting, studies, and analysis should be done to decrease the number of adverse reactions to blood and blood products.
“In 2010 that 97,123 animals suffered pain during experiments while being given no anesthesia for relief.” (ProCon). In recent years animals have been more and more mistreated and manipulated in order to test many of the products that we use today. A common belief of many people is that it is better for this to be tested on animals than humans. This alone is a very disturbing. The problem with this is that no life whether it is human or animal is worth being put through the pain and discomfort in order for us to have personal gain. The truth is that there are safer more reliable methods that could solve of the problems with the animal testing that goes on throughout the world today. Although the testing of products on animals provides
...nuing to profit from the substaining usage of animals in scientific laboratories, the tradtional method is difficult to dispose of. The method is kept for the currency but fails to produce major reliable success as those of the alternative methods. A statisict shown in Safer Medicines Trust states, "that nindy-two percent of drugs fail in clinical trials, having successfully passed through animal studies." These corportaions care more about the amount of money profited than the reliablitily of the results from animal testing.