Bio Nanotechnology Essay

Bio nanotechnology and its applications

Nanotechnology:

Design , characterization, production and application of materials devices and systems by controlling shape and size of the nanoscale.

Bio nanotechnology:

Nanobiotechnology, bionanotechnology and nanobiology are similar terms that cover the combination of nanotechnologies with biology or in field of biology.

Biomaterials:

A biomaterial is a synthetic material used to replace part of living system or to function in intimate contact with living tissue.

History of biomaterials:

In 1759 Hallwell repaired the injurd artery using wooden peg and twisted thread it was first time when biomaterials were used (7). Later on Lister developed aseptic methods for surgery in 1980 (8). Bone plates were used to repair the fractures in 1900 as a use of biomaterials (3). With the advancement of time newer more convenient materials were introduced. Later stainless steel and cobalt alloys were used in fracture fixation in 1930(3).

Classification of biomaterials :

• First generation biomaterials

• Second generation biomaterials

• Third generation biomaterials

First generation biomaterials:

In 1950s and 1960s first generation biomaterials were introduced that could be used inside the human body. There are certain requirements that were meant to be posses by a first generation biomaterials including biocompatibility and biofunctionality. These matrials don’t induce mutagenic effects as well. Dialysis tube that is made by cellulose acetate is an example of first generation biomaterials.

Second generation biomaterials:

These materials covered the area of 1970s to 2000. As long as they posses the biocompatibility and biofunctionality some new and important characters were also introduced as wel...

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...tended to be used in nanoelecronics devices. Dekker and his coworker have successfully doe this integration of DNA with SWNT single walled carbon nanotubes.

Nanoparticles :

Nanoscience has developed a lot in modern technologies. A number of nano materials have been synthesized that are being used in different fields in different ways. In biological sciences product of nanobiotechnology has been used as:

• Biological assays: Nano particles act as labeling dyes and can help in detection assays e.g Her2 assay in breast cancer determination.

• Drug delivery: Drug delivery is very important phenomenon regarding humans as well as animals. Bionanotechnology is helping in exact targeting and efficient drug delivery system synthesis. Top down approach is helping in formulation of drugs that have efficient drug uptake e.g nanocrystals against HIV protease inhibitors.