Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
An essay on research design
Methods of data analysis
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
The study conducted help illustrate the Bakersfield resident’s perception of the Bakersfield Police. By administering, a survey on a sample group of one-hundred residents within Bakersfield city limits provided the necessary background need to develop ten hypotheses. The results for the ten hypotheses is discussed in detail below. Each hypothesis were run to demonstrate whether there was a statistical significance between the two variables. All hypothesis were translated using an adjusted standardized residual of + or – 1.96. By using an adjusted residual the groups illustrated where the majority of the relationship was concentrated. The first hypothesis which stated, there is a relationship between sex and the Bakersfield Police uses of excessive force was tested against the alpha level .05. According to the chi-square tests graph the cells had, a 25% expected count of less than five. This revealed that the test to follow was the likelihood ratio because the percentage was above 20. The likelihood ratio had a value count of 10.709, a degree of freedom of three and a p-value …show more content…
The alpha value used was .05. The test showed that there were 62.5% of the cells had an expected count less than 5. Since the percentage was larger than 20%, likelihood ratio showed a value of 22.937, a degree of freedom of 9 and a p-value of .006. The p-value of .006 and which is smaller than .05 required the null hypothesis was rejected. We were able to determine if there was a statistical significance between ethnicity and the belief that the Bakersfield Police treats all resident fairly regardless of race. This was achieved by using the contingency coefficient sine the graph was 4x4. The contingency coefficient had a value of .406 and a p-value of .020. The p-value revealed that there was a weak statistical
An interesting finding discussed in the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment report was the fact that citizens were virtually unaware of the difference in patrol frequency when they changed for experimental purposes. Similarly, a related discovery in this report found that citizens’ fear of crime was not affected by the various patrol levels. These findings were consistent among both citizens and businesses alike. And because of this, it was also found that citizen satisfaction with the police was virtually unchanged as well (Kelling et al., 1974).
Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (2002). Perceptions of racial profiling: Race, class, and personal
Weitzer, Ronald, and Steven A. Tuch. ''Racially Biased Policing: Determinants of Citizen Perceptions. '' Social Forces 83.3 (2005): 1009-1030. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.
Police officer normally works with community as a team and addresses any problems; they find a solution to that problem. In 21st century the police officer was required to work closely with communities to make sure maintain of social order and build relationship in order to effectively fight against crime. However, majority of racial and ethnic groups targets of abusive treatment at the hands of police. As evidence suggested that police officer stereotype residents and treating them unlawfully, some studies stated that police officer verbal and physical abuse and unjustified street stops. (Weitzer, Tuch & shogan
Police brutality is a very real problem that many Americans face today. The police carry an enormous burden each day. Police work is very stressful and involves many violent and dangerous situations. In many confrontations the police are put in a position in which they may have to use force to control the situation. There are different levels of force and the situation dictates the level use most of the time. The police have very strict rules about police use force and the manner in which they use it. In this paper I will try to explain the many different reason the police cross the line, and the many different people that this type of behavior effects. There are thousands of reports each year of assaults and ill treatment against officers who use excessive force and violate the human rights of their victims. In some cases the police have injured and even killed people through the use of excessive force and brutal treatment. The use of excessive force is a criminal act and I will try and explore the many different factors involved in these situations.
Undoubtedly race and ethnicity plays a key role in whether perceptions of law enforcement is positive or negative. Most of the research presented finds that police contact with white’s vs blacks shapes their attitudes. Although contact with police plays a role, it is not the only component. Perceptions of police not only come from contact with police officers but from hearsay and media portrayal. As stated by (Callanan & Rosenberger, 2011) “most citizens are probably not likely to establish their opinions of law enforcement solely based on an occasional encounter, but also from other sources of information about the police, which for most members of the public is chiefly derived from the media.” Also, minorities are more likely than whites to believe that minorities are treated worse by police, and minority communities receive inferior police services (Graziano, Schuck & Martin 2010).
SHAW G, BRANNAN K. THE POLLS--TRENDS CONFIDENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT. Public Opinion Quarterly [serial online]. Spring2009 2009;73(1):199-220. Available from: SocINDEX with Full Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed January 16, 2012.
The authors also explain that there are no real statistics to help explain how many times an officer has used a firearm. The text explains that there is no significant data to help explain police shootings and how many occur each year (Kappeler & Potter, 2005). Most of the data that can be found does not clearly state the numbers of times a firearm was used. Majority of data is found through data bases such as Vital Statistics (Kappeler & Potter, 2005). Even data bases such as Vital Statistics do not provide clear information on police
Police corruption is a difficult issue cities have to deal with and one of the oldest problems in the police force. Corruption can be defined as the mistreatment of public power for personal benefit or private and the use of excessive force either emotional or physical. In this essay I will explain in detail federal indictments of Los Angeles Country Sheriff officers use of mistreatment of jail inmates and visitors. Another topic I will explain is the transfer of Los Angeles Country Sheriff hired officers with questionable background. Finally I will end by analyzing the hiring of new Sheriff deputies under the “Friends of the Sheriff” program. There are several ways police departments could take to reduce police corruption. The three areas I think should change are the training officers further in how to diminish abuse, improving personal character of officers, and incentives program.
Research Paper Rough Draft: Police Brutality Police misconduct is as rampant as ever in America, and it has become a fixture of the news cycle. Police brutality is the use of any force exceeding that reasonably necessary to accomplish a lawful police purpose. The media is inevitably drawn toward tales of conflict, hence why there are so many crime and police stories on the news. Despite the increasing frequency of misbehaving cops, many Americans still maintain a high respect for the man in uniform. Still, police misconduct is a systemic problem, not just an anecdotal one.
The author focuses on the U.S. Task Force on 21st Century Policing and Police Data Initiative or PDI to determine if it helps to restore trust and the broken relationship between and communities and police officers. The Task Force made by Barack Obama recommended the analysis of department policies, incidents of misconduct, recent stops and arrests, and demographics of the officers. The PDI has tasked 21 cities to comprehend the police behavior and find out what to do to change it. Also PDI was said to have data and information on vehicle stops and shootings by police officers. The use of statistics has a purpose to help rebuild trust and the relationship between and communities and police officers.
Bibliography Why Good Cops Go Bad. Newsweek, p.18. Carter, David L. (1986). Deviance & Police. Ohio: Anderson Publishing Co. Castaneda, Ruben (1993, Jan. 18). Bearing the Badge of Mistrust. The Washington Post, p.11. Dantzer, Mark L. (1995). Understanding Today's Police. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. James, George (1993, Mar. 29). Confessions of Corruption. The New York Times, P.8, James, George (1993, Nov. 17). Officials Say Police Corruption is Hard To Stop. The New York times, p.3. Sherman, Lawrence W(1978). Commission Findings. New York Post, P. 28 Walker, J.T. (1992). The police in America, p.243-263, chp. 10, Walker, Samuel (1999).
Conducting research is an important part of growing logical thinking in order to answer questions involving human interactions. Furthermore, offer an understanding of the dynamics of day-to-day life in the modern world. As a result, it is necessary to practice proper sampling methods to conduct effective researches. Therefore, when designing a study to measure public opinion regarding police use of force, using quota sampling would be the logical choice to use for this study. Referring back to class discussion, this non-probability sampling method, in particular, takes on people to divide them into groups in order to fill in quotas. One of the reasons why a researcher would choose quota sampling is that it allows that person to sample a smaller group that would add interest to their study such as race, sex, etc. The second reason is that this type of sampling is ideal if the study aims to investigate specifics such as traits or characteristics of a certain subgroup. Furthermore, the third reason is that researchers have the ability to control the number of participants in each quota. Considering those three reasons, quota sampling would be great with this study seeking to measure public opinion regarding police use of force. It would enhance this study by adding the different perspectives from adolescent and of age, males and females in the African-American and the Caucasian community. Overall, this non-probability sampling method would combine diversity and significance in this study. The study would be great at comparing potential different opinions and give insight to these communities’ experiences with police exercising their power in or against their favor.
Profiling of community residents by law enforcement officials and profiling of police officers by early intervention systems impacts police-community relations. The research will be best conducive employing a time-series, quasi-experimental design. The researcher is choosing to conduct an exploratory research experiment utilizing an interrupted time-series, quasi-experimental design. Data will be collected from a comparison group through pretests and posttests, from surveys, interviews, and statistical analysis. There will be a fixed time frame in order to calculate and analyze the findings.
Understanding the issue is just part of what’s needed. The purpose of the section is to identify a solution, or as may be the case, solutions. So, the question here is what can we do to improve the relationship between the police and the citizens. Over the years there has been many books written and studies conducted, all in an effort to find the best way to improve police and citizen relationships. To do this we must look at all available information. According to The Study Circles Resource Center’s Protecting Communities, Serving the Public: Police and residents building relationships to work together (2000), “Bring police and community together. We need to meet not just when there is a crisis or a big crime. We should do things to build relationships that are not so full of conflict. Then it would be easier to work together. We can build respect and trust for one another when we make time to meet with and learn about each other. This is the only way to do it.