Authoritarian Parenting

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Middle childhood is a transitional phase from early childhood to adolescent and it ranges from 6-12 years of age. In this age children’s encounter psychosocial difficulties which lead to adverse outcomes through their interrelations with parents, peers and sibling. Firstly parents negatively influence the psychosocial domain through unbalanced parenting styles and family structure changes from unpleasant events like divorce, and low social economic status. Secondly peer rejection, peer pressure and how it negatively impacts the psychosocial development of an 8 years old children. Lastly how the dominating relationship with siblings and how the position within the family negatively impacts the psychosocial domain of an 8-year-old child. …show more content…

As they lack in having a healthy authoritative parenting style. Hoffnung (2013) notes that parental monitoring is essential for optimal socio-emotional development of the child and provides constant motivation for the child to achieve. However, it becomes less frequent and less direct as the child gets older because of the parenting style. Frontini, Moreira and Canavarro (2015, pp. 1011-1023) noted that this contribute to poor emotional adjustment of the child and encounter higher level of negative emotions and decreased quality of life. The child negative behaviour for example hyperactivity are resorted from the maladaptive strategies where harsh parenting discipline and rejection resulted them to have low self-esteem, loss of knowing self and feel the emotion of inferiority. Inadequate parental monitoring is found to be associated with poor adjustment to unpleasant …show more content…

In middle childhood Bock, Galloway and Hund (2014) study of Paige cognitive theory outlined the importance of peers as they provide support to the child to move from ego centralism to developing empathetic skills. But through rejection the child won’t be able to develop as the child becomes isolated. In parallel to this in spite of potentially being accepting the pressure peers place on the child effects the psychological health of the child as anxiety and depressions develop. Irene and Steve (2013) Study noted that victims of peer pressure and rejection had higher chance in not being able to adjust to psychosocial problems and in result found feeling powerless, unsafe and excluded. In addition Shimla (2016) Erikson psychosocial theory industry vs inferiority supports this claim because it notes that isolated children in result have lower aspiration and lower participation in peer activities. For example, sporting teams which is an essential for psychosocial and physical development of the child. In consequence leads to the child having low self-esteem and develop the emotion of being inferior over their peers. In relation to that in Austrians (2008 pp 45-50) Freud psychological theory outlines that the child won’t be able to go through a healthy latency period as they endure in limited ground view of self-sense. In result negatively impact the 8 year old child

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