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Job satisfaction in organizational behavior
Job satisfaction in organizational behavior
Job satisfaction in organizational behavior
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1 Introduction The 2 Attitudes Attitudes are learned predispositions or judgements and represent group of beliefs, feelings and behavioural intentions towards a person, object or event (called an attitude object). They are persistent tendencies to feel and behave in a particular way. Attitudes are formed on the basis of the following three components (Kwon et al. 2010):- a. Cognitive (evaluation)- This component exists when individuals have a perception of the attitude object accumulated during their lifetime, which then form beliefs. For example, you may believe that mergers and acquisitions reduce job security for employees in the merged firm. b. Affective (feeling) - This component is based on emotional experiences or preferences both positive and …show more content…
Behavioural (action) -This component is based on the overt actions that people exhibit in relation to the attitude object. For example, you might intend to quit rather than stay with the organization during the merger. 2.1 Aspects of Job Attitudes Although some people can be classified by an overall attitude there are aspects of the job which can impact the attitude a person has about their position and company. The various aspects of Job Attitudes are: 2.1.1 Job Satisfaction: The amount of satisfaction an individual gets from doing their job can directly be related to their attitude about it. It is a very personal aspect of work as satisfaction reflects how the person views how they do their job, how the company views them and who they are as a person. Factors that lead to job satisfaction are: recognition, equitable compensation, and ability to grow in the position and responsibility commensurate with compensation (Study.com, 2016). 2.1.2 Job Involvement: It is the measure of the degree to which employee is involved in his job and takes part in the decision-making process. It increases if employees have the decision making authority, responsibility and the tempo of the work (Iqbal Khan et al.,
Judi Wineland 's attitude prior to and while she is raising her two daughters has an impact on OAT. Along with Wineland 's attitude the Controller Gary Balfour 's attitude impacts the Control and Accounting side of OAT. Attitude is defined by three components, Affective, Behavioral and Cognitive. The Affective component refers to the person 's feelings and emotions towards a specific topic. The Behavioral refers to a person 's behaves based on their attitude. Cognitive refers to the a person 's belief and knowledge on a certain topic. In this case Judi Wineland deals with balancing her family life and her corporate life seeing as she holds a time and effort intensive position for both. On the other hand Gary Balfour struggles with everyday check ins from Judi on whether or not his supposedly OAT tailored accounting system is fully functional due to bugs still currently on the system.
In this case, personality plays a major role in job satisfaction and job performance. People with positive self-valuations believe in their inner worth and basic competence but the protagonist Lyndon Brook had negative core self-evaluations because he did not believe in his own abilities and considered himself to be powerless when faced with challenging external environment. This ultimately led to his poor performance as he repeatedly pondered over his inexperience rather than taking the assignment as a career advancing opportunity.
Gawronski, B. (2012). Back to the Future of Dissonance Theory: Cognitive Consistency as a Core Motive. Social Cognition, 30(6), 652-668.
Based off of the gratification an individual contains towards their work, job satisfaction is a key. The productivity could either be positive or negative, while the relationship between the productivity and satisfaction may not be consistent. There are multiple internal and external factors in job satisfaction that can impact the behavior of an employee and engagement over time. The way the worker’s attitude concerning their field affects the performance they perform on a daily basis. One who is satisfied with the job they do, succeeds at what they do.
Holland developed a Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire with over 160 occupational titles included in it asking individuals which occupations they felt they might strongly enjoy or dislike and used their answers to create personality profiles. These results led to a corresponding diagram with 6 personality types that fit in the shape of a hexagon attaching characteristics to personality types that matched congruent occupations. “The theory argues that satisfaction is highest and turnover is lowest when personality and occupation are in agreement.” (Robbins, Pg 122) This theory stands behind that satisfaction isn’t just a desire to work somewhere, but that core values are matched between the candidate and the organization and in situations where the core values did align, low turnover existed. To further support the concept that personalities impact job dissatisfaction; The Big Five Personality Model comes into play with accurate
It is well established reality that organisations in the world today can no longer survive without focusing on their employees. If they have to be at the competitive edge they have to invest in human resource, and placing their employees on top priority. This notion has lead to the strategies that, most organisations are pursuing through employee management. To achieve the optimum performance from employees organisations must motivate their employees, and have to engage them in activities that will benefit and help employees in achieving their predetermined goals and objectives. In order to achieve this, it is imperative for managers to set in motion work conditions that will help employees to achieve satisfaction of their job, low turnover and absenteeism rate and promoting the environment that promotes the organizational commitments and organizational citizenship behavior. Job satisfaction has been identified as a major requirement for organisations which aim to achieve excellence in their operations. Armstrong (2003) refers to job satisfaction as the attributes and feelings people have about their work. By extension, job satisfaction will mean positive or favourable attitudes towards one’s job whilst a negative or unfavourable attitude indicates job dissatisfaction.
The next category is Feeling – Thinking. In this portion of the assessment I am more feeling than thinking. Feeling-Thinking is the second pair of cognitive functions, the judging functions, which are used to evaluate goals; either through personal values or objective principles (2016).
In the 1960’s and 70’s there was an assumption that attitudes towards behavior is what determined behaviors. This was not true, and there was no evidence to back it up. Martin Fishbein and Icek Azjen conducted research experiments and studies in 1975 about attitudes and behaviors that once again confirmed there was no relationship between those two variables. Fishbein and Azjen said that behavior depends on the intention to participate in a behavior and does not depend on the attitude towards the behavior. This is where the Theory or reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behaviors came from. These theories say that behavior is based on intention and provided an alternative to the previous belief that behavior is related to attitude. Intention is how likely someone is to participate in a certain behavior. Intention is affected by attitudes, subjective norms, volitional control and behavioral control. These are the four main constructs of the theories. The theories are relatively the same, with the exception of the behavioral control construct. The Theory of Planned Behavior has an extra construct to it which is called behavioral control. This theory is helpful whenever the behavior is not under volitional control.
The fundamental question of what attitudes are cannot be answered easily, as many psychologists offer differing definitions. These range from simply describing them as likes and dislikes, to the definition provided by Tiffin and McCormick, in Attitude and Motivation(1971), where they summarize attitudes as being, “a frame of reference that influences the individual’s views or opinions on various topics and situations, and influences their behavior.” It is widely accepted, however, that attitudes include both beliefs and values. Beliefs, although considered to be based on the knowledge gained about the world around us, can vary greatly in their importance and influence, and therefore ibn their resistence to change.
Attitudes are formed from learning. Moreover, the effects of home life, school, religious experience, and peers can help develop an individual’s attitude. An example, a child that grows up in a home where parents distrust law enforcement officials may grow up to despise police officers and other authority figures. Trustworthiness is the strongest source because just being an expert does not mean that person is truthful.
Organizational behavior is important to many organizations because it helps management understand their employees’ attitude as well as behavior while they interact with one and other at the work place. There are several aspects of organizational behavior and attitude is one that can hinder and help job performance. In the past, organizations were defined almost exclusively by the products produced or the services provided. This has changed a great deal over the years. They are now defined by the way they provide their products and services. Attitude plays a major role in and outside of the workplace as it does in most aspects in everyday life.
Job satisfaction is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences. It has been treated both as a general attitude and satisfaction with five specific dimensions of the job: pay, the work itself, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers. Challenging work, valued rewards, opportunities for advancement, competent supervision, and supportive coworkers are dimensions of the job that can lead to satisfaction (Nelson & Quick, 2013, pg. 58-59).
Workplace attitudes and workplace performance are two areas of research that are often studied in organizational research. Yet, questions remain about the relationship between the two and the factors that influence them. What are the most crucial elements affecting employee attitudes and how does that affect work behaviors in general? With levels of workplace stress rising, the identification of influencing factors is increasingly important to the health and wellness of both the employee and the organization.
Job satisfaction is a person’s emotional reaction to aspects of works such as pay, supervision, colleagues, working condition, job security, company policies and support, benefits, promotion and advancement or to the work itself (French, 1990). In other words, job satisfaction is an individual’s emotional reaction to a specific job. Falkenburg and Schyns (2007) indicate that job satisfaction can be studied from different approaches. Job satisfaction can be seen as a result of different behaviours or as a cause of behaviour. Moreover, it can be seen as an overall feeling or involving of some aspects of the job and the work situation together contribute to the feeling of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with work (Johansson, 2010).