Arthritis is one of the most prevalent diseases, it is the leading cause of disability in the U.S (). Moreover, the susceptibility to arthritis enhances with age, approximately half the population that reaches 65 years of age has arthritis (). Essentially, arthritis refers to hindrance to the joint such as pain, swelling and reduced range of motion (). There are over 100 types of arthritis and various ways that it can be contracted, this includes previous injuries to a joint, over usage, genetics and lifestyle factors (). Consequently, due to its frequency and challenging outcome, many individuals who have arthritis face a reduced quality of life (). The constant pain endured not only diminishes physical capabilities, but can have substantial …show more content…
Depression can develop through various elements such as environmental factors physiological factors, biological, physical and others. The connection between depressive symptoms and arthritis pain is significant, studies have indicated they can be intertwined with a rate between 30%-50% (). As the severity of pain with arthritis increases, often it is noted that individuals have a tendency to become less active which can ultimately result in withdrawal. This withdrawal can evoke feelings of isolation which has the possibility of developing into depression (). Furthermore, the comorbidity of these conditions is frequently present in elderly adults (). Older adults often experience a reduced quality of life due to the aging process but these conditions can exacerbate that. Therefore, research on this topic is invaluable as elderly depression often goes undiagnosed, and one of its most notable symptom is physical pain. As the Canadian population is altering overtime, due to the baby boomers, it is estimated that by 2036 the senior population will account for over a quarter of the population
OA is a musculoskeletal disease that causes chronic joint pain and reduced physical functioning (Laba, brien, Fransen, & jan, 2013). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a non-inflammatory disorder of synovial joints that results in loss of hyaline cartilage and remodeling of surrounding bone. OA is the single most common joint disease, with an estimated prevalence of 60% in men and 70% in women later in life after the age of 65 years, affecting an estimated 40 million people in the United States (Goodman & Fuller, 2009). Women are more commonly affected after the age of 55, almost everyone has some symptoms by the age of 70 (Tan, Zahara, Colburn & Hawkins, 2013, p.78). Osteoarthritis can be described radiological, clinical, or subjective. It commonly affects hands, hips, knees, shoulders, and the spine (Walker, 2011, p. 14). Osteoarthritis is an intrinsic defect in the joint cartilage. Caused by slowly progressive deterioration of articular cartilage that is accompanied by degenerative bony changes, including thickening of the subchondral bone cyst, and formation of large bony protrusions (osteophytes) at the joint margins. Osteoarthritis usually occurs in the large weight bearing joints such as the knees and hips, as well as some of the smaller joints in the hands and feet (Ciccone, 2007,p. 229). ). It is predicted by 2020 to become the fourth leading cause of disability globally (Laba et al., 2013, p.2). According to Juby and Davis (2011), these changing demographics with the aging of the “baby boomer” generation will likely result in an increase in the prevalence of both degenerative and inflammatory arthritis, and timely access to appropriate care and maximization of therapeutic interventions will be vital to maintain indepe...
Arthritis affects people of all age groups. More than 100 types of arthritis are known. Among these osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis having the highest incidence. One of the major causes of chronic debilitation in industrialized nations is Osteoarthritis which results from damage to the joints, which may be due to trauma, infection, or age-related wear. Rheumatoid arthritis is encountered less frequently than osteoarthritis and is estimated to affect around one per cent of the world’s population. Amongst patients of Rheumatoid arthritis, women are three times more likely to be affected by this condition than men. This condition is caused by an inflammatory process where the body starts attacking itself. Rheumatoid arthritis also affects several joints, with inflammation sometimes seen in and around the lungs, the heart, the eyes and the skin. The most commonly reported complaint by arthritis patients is pain. The pain might be from the joint itself and be a result of inflammation, damage from the disease, or through daily wear and tear. Muscle pain is also common and is caused by having to force movements against stiff and painful joints. Although range of movement in the affected joint may be limited and uncomfortable, physical exercise has been shown to benefit those with arthritis. Physical therapy has been shown to significantly improve function, decrease pain in the long term and delay the need for surgery in advanced cases. The majority of arthritis cases occur among theelderly, however the disease can occur in children as well. Over 70% of the population that get affected by arthritis in North America are over the age of 65 (4). The disease occurs more commonly in females than males in all races, age groups, and ethn...
The older adult population consists of people 65 and older (Miller, & Stoeckel, 2011). Depression is greater in women than men, however, the cause is unknown (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2010). Both, males and females who have been previously depressed or have a biological relative with depression, have an increased risk of depression (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2010). Seniors in long-term care facilities have a higher rate of being diagnosed with depression (14-42%) than those who continue to live within the community (1%-5%), therefore, levels of diagnosed depression fluctuate depending on location of residence (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2010). A recent Canadian study shows 44% of older adults living in residential care have been diagnosed with depression or have symptoms of depression (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2010). Depression can cause higher mortality rates, even when supplementary risk factors are considered, however, the reasons are not entirely understood (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2010). Studies have shown that older adults with depression are one and a half to two times more likely to pass on than those without depression (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2010).
Kahana, E. Kahana (2016). This investigation was concerned with the comorbidity of depression and arthritis in older adults. The goal of this research was to address 3 main points. Firstly, the research aimed to explore the diverse pain and depressive symptoms individuals can experience over a period of 4 years. Secondly, the research attempted to address the variation of pain and depressive symptoms due to the role of social support and cognitive functioning. Thirdly, the research explored inter-individual and intra-individual differences as a result of time. Consequently, this sequential study was conducted over a four-year period with yearly check-ins. Although the paper is referred to as a longitudinal study by the authors, the population that is being studied is broken down into additional cohorts throughout the research, it is not one characteristic that is re-assessed annually. Subsequently, this sequential study was a part of a larger study that initially began in 1989. The original goal was to address late-life adaption of retirement in older adults. However, for this new chapter of the study participants had to meet the requirements of being 72 years of age or older, habituate in Florida for over 9 months annually and lastly have the capacity to participate in a 90-minute interview. Therefore, of the 5204 residents in the area only 299 were deemed eligible to partake as they were
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis affecting at least 20 million Americans with its prevalence expected to double in the next 2 decades (12.) (9). OA was once believed to be a consequence of aging, which still holds true, but is now believed to involve a multitude of biological and pathological processes influenced by several factors, including genetics, age, gender, obesity, joint injury, estrogen, diabetes and muscle strength with age and weight being the predominating factors. OA is a multifactorial disease that may progressively affect the structure of all joint tissue leading to joint pain and inflammation. The pathogenesis of OA has yet to be clearly defined but is is characterized by progressive hyaline
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, in other words it is a joint disease where the joint deteriorates and is often irreversible. Osteoarthritis is often the most common form of arthritis and there is no existing cure. This form of arthritis could affect people of all ages, however tends to affect people over the age of sixty-five. According to a study done by the Arthritis Foundation, one in every two adults will develop signs of knee osteoarthritis within their lifetime, one in four adults will show signs of hip osteoarthritis by age eighty-five, and one in twelve people over the age of sixty have hand osteoarthritis. (What is Osteoarthritis?) Although osteoarthritis can not be cured there are still ways to treat it.
Clinical depression is very common. Over nine million Americans are diagnosed with clinical depression at some point in their lives. Many more people suffer from clinical depression because they do not seek treatment. They may feel that depression is a personal weakness, or try to cope with their symptoms alone. On the other hand, some people are comfortable with admitting their symptoms and seeking help. Such a discrepancy may account for the differences in reported cases of depression between men and women, which indicate that more than twice the numbers of women than men are clinically depressed. According to the numbers of reported cases of depression, 25% of women and 10% of men will have one or more episodes of clinical depression during their lifetimes.
Late life depression affects about 7 million Americans 65 and older, but only 10 percent seek out and receive treatment (Depression in the Elderly: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments). Depression symptoms are different for every individual and sometimes the elderly can confuse mental illness to be side effects of medications they are currently taking. Medications such as steroids, benzodiazepines, and beta blockers may cause symptoms of depression. Also end of life changes such as loss of independence, being alone, and grief from a loss of a spouse are commonly linked to depression of the elderly. As individuals grow in age, neurotransmitters associated with well-being and happiness such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine begins to diminish (Elderly Depression: Depression and
Arthritis is a joint infection sickness accompanied via crippling and bothering ache. The irritation happens when joint tissues react to a few variety of damage to the bones, cartilages and also muscular tissues, tendons and ligaments surrounding the joint. Arthritis may impact a number of joints. The soreness related to arthritis happens due to deterioration of bones and over-straining of muscle groups towards stiffness. Of the a number of forms of arthritis, the following are essentially the most fashioned.
Arthritis is very common and yet it is not well understood. Arthritis is not a single disease, but instead is an informal way of referring to more than 100 different types of joint pain and/or related conditions (“What is Osteoarthritis?”). Sometimes called degenerative joint disease or degenerative arthritis, osteoarthritis is the most common chronic condition of the joints, affecting approximately 27 million Americans (“What is Osteoarthritis?”). For a long time osteoarthritis was believed to be caused by the “wear and tear” of joints over time, however, scientists now view it to be a disease of the joint (“What
Arthritis in the hand or wrists is common, but can be very debilitating. We use our hands for the vast majority of our daily living activities, from washing and dressing to more intricate tasks such as typing or threading a needle. When the joints in the hand and the digits are affected by arthritis, day to day living can be very difficult.
While not being a single disease, 'arthritis' is the informal way of referring to joint disease and pains. With more than 100 different types of arthritis, it is often hard to determine whether one is dealing with a simple pain or something more.
The most common joint disease and number one leading disability is arthritis (Arthritis Facts, n.d.). Arthritis can be caused by infectious agents, metabolic disorders, trauma, and immune disorders. Arthritis can also be transferred by genes if a person parent or close sibling have the disease. There are various types of arthritis such as osteoarthritis (the most common), rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthrosis, etc. Arthritis is an inflammation of a joint. A joint is a place where two or more bones come together. When arthritis occurs, the lining around the joint becomes inflamed. When inflammation occurs, our body will automatically use its inflammatory response to solve the problem. The inflammatory responds mobilize the body’s defense, isolates
Arthritis disease is inflammation in different parts of your joints. Some common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Most of the common symptoms are found in your joints. These symptoms are pain, stiffness, swelling, redness, and decreased range of motion. Osteoarthritis causes cartilage to break down. This disease tears and damages your joints cartilage. Your cartilage is the hard, slick coating on the ends of your bones. I can get severe enough to where your bones start to grind together, which causes pain and restricted movement. This can be caused by an infection or joint injury. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that targets the synovium. This disease occurs when the body’s immune system attacks
Before we can hope to reason correctly, we need God’s grace to transform our minds” (Jones p.13). Growing up with a Catholic background, I never knew much about what theology was. I had heard stories about the study of theology, but never practiced the understanding of the things of God. I grew up in a traditional Catholic background and was baptized when I was very young. I had the support of my family to attend church and have a relationship with God. On my mom 's side, I am a 5th generation Catholic, my dad grew up Episcopalian. My dad later was baptized into the Catholic church and accepted Christ. Both my parents have influenced me into the belief of God and his teachings. I fell away from Christ a couple years ago and put