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Morals and ethics in society
On morality and society
Morality in society
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In this chapter, Appiah begins by using a Western example of a satirical comedy in order to prime the reader for dialogue about the notion of honor as it relates to marriage and specifically women in South Asia and the Middle East. He uses the example of penal codes in Italy which placed worth on chastity and disproportionately punished women for crimes that weren’t their fault and allowed marriage to invalidate any previous crimes committed. This social and legal code is also exemplified by the story he tells of a real woman who rebelled against honor convention, to great personal threat. By using both a satirical example and a true story of defiance to show the decline of the absurd Sicilian honor system, he seems to attempt to set the practice we would …show more content…
The Pashtuns have a community structure founded on tribalism, or the idea that one chooses whose “side” they’re on based solely on the closeness of a blood relationship and their shared group identity. This tribalistic culture contains the seeds of the anti-Imperialist feelings in that constitute the backlash against Western or other perceived interferences with long held cultural practices. These cultural practices resulted in the conception of a similar unique moral code known as the “Pushtunwali;” key tenants include “maintaining one’s honor by loyalty to one’s kin, bravery in battle, hospitality to guests, retaliation for insults, and revenge against injury, weather against one’s family or their tribe. Pakistan is still an Islamic nation, so many Pashtuns consider Pashtunwali and Islam to be completely congruent, though the actual teachings of Islam forbid these kinds of honor killing. As Apiah notes, when pushed, many feel that Pushtunwali, the cultural and community principles, supersede even their religious
Women were auctioned off as “merchandise” to the best suitor they could get in town. Beauty, though important, was not as important as the dowry the woman possessed, because it was the dowry the family provided that could exalt a man’s societal status to all new heights. Once married, women were expected to have son’s for their husbands in order to take over the family business. A barren woman was not an option and could have easily been rushed to the nearest convent to take her vows of a nun, for no honor could be brought otherwise. No woman could run from the societal and legal pressures placed upon them. Rather than run, some chose to accept their place, but, like Lusanna, some chose to fight the status quo for rights they believed they
In the plays female sexuality is not expressed variously through courtship, pregnancy, childbearing, and remarriage, as it is in the period. Instead it is narrowly defined and contained by the conventions of Petrarchan love and cuckoldry. The first idealizes women as a catalyst to male virtue, insisting on their absolute purity. The second fears and mistrusts them for their (usually fantasized) infidelity, an infidelity that requires their actual or temporary elimination from the world of men, which then re-forms [sic] itself around the certainty of men’s shared victimization (Neely 127).
Rumors spread to Najmah that “woman wearing henna on their fingertips had their fingers chopped off”(Staples 12). When Najmah heard the clink of bangles under a woman’s burqa and the click of her heels on the pavement, the sound created an unsettling sensation within her. Suddenly, Najmah recalled how the “Taliban would whip women whose shoes made a sound on paving stones (Staples 180).” She wanted to warn the woman, for her mother had told her that “women risk their lives by hiding their jewelry” (Staples 180). As for Nusrat, notwithstanding the fact that she just moved to Pakistan not long ago, she was extremely vigilant and prudent when the Taliban was around. One time, a servant of Nusrat’s disappeared. Nusrat sent someone to search for her and discovered that “she had been badly beaten and was held without charges” (Staples 99). From this incident, the unfair treatment towards women helped Nusrat to learn more about the Taliban’s rules in Pakistan. Given the facts above, it is very apparent that Taliban’s cruelty toward women is depicted precisely and vividly through the different stories of two
“Friend by Day, Enemy by Night” shares an in depth look into the lives of the Kohistanis who live in Thull, Pakistan. The author of the text, Lincoln Keiser, goes into great depth in explaining the life of these people before and after mar dushmani. Mar dushmani can be directly translated as “death enmity.” This social relationship between the Kohistanis causes for many problems. As a general principle death enmity allows men to retaliate whenever another man wrongs them, though the act of revenge itself should not exceed the original wrong. The example stated in the book is, “a blow should answer a blow and a death answer a death.” For such offenses as attacks on men through their wives, sisters, and daughters retaliation usually occurs in deadly violence. Killing the offender is considered the most appropriate response. Although violence usually takes place during retaliation, it is not the only way to handle it.
When studying gender roles in history, one will find that females are often depicted in similar ways no matter the era or region of study. Even when comparing the industrialized, early, twentieth century to today’s progressive era, there are striking similarities between female roles. We can see that over the course of the twentieth century, the qualities of loyalty and honesty have decreased in marriages due to the treatment of the two main female roles as depicted literature. The first was the role of the wife. The wife was often portrayed as a housekeeper and a nanny. Dull in appearance, there was no aesthetic beauty to this typical female. The other main role was the “other woman.” The more mysterious and promiscuous character, this woman portrayed the other part of the female population. Both of these types of characters are composites that portrayed the average, disposable female while how they were treated conveyed the general handling of females in the early, twentieth century.
The theme for honour and fidelity apply for both men and women in Shakespeare’s play ‘much ado about nothing’. Honour and fidelity is represented very differently for men and women as it would have been for the people in Elizabethan times. In this first section of the essay, I will be exploring double standards and Shakespeare’s awareness of the double standards between sexes and his feminist approach, the differences of honour and fidelity for men and women and upper class and lower class comparisons.
...n’s subjectivity to men is the Utopian practice that occurs on the day of “Last-feast”. On this day, “wives kneel before their husbands…to confess their various sins of commission or of negligence and beg forgiveness for their offenses” furthermore, women and men do not worship in the same area of the temple (91). Although separating sexes during worship was not and is not a new concept, this practice, once again contradicts the idea of a commonwealth existing and functioning with a society free of hierarchies.
Today some Middle Eastern countries have passed laws “criminalizing adultery which [has] resulted in punishments ranging from the imposition of fines to flogging, hanging and death by stoning” (Deen 2014). From the beginning of The Arabian Nights, women are portrayed as disloyal adulterers that practice heavily in premarital sex. In “The Story of Kings Shahrayer and Shahrazad, His Vizier’s Daughter,” is about two kings who were brothers. The older brother was named Shahrayer and Shahzaman was the name of the younger brother. Before King Shahzaman journeyed out to go visit his brother King Shahrayer, he wanted to bid his wife farewell. Upon entering the kitchen he found his wife copulating with a servant boy. Out of rage, he drove a sword into both his wife and the servant and threw them off of the palace roof stating, “I am still here and this is what she has done when I was barely outside the city. How will it be and what will happen behind my back when I go visit my brother in India? No women can be trusted” (Haddawy 5). Because Shahzaman’s image and self-confidence as a king was sh...
Being a muslim and living in Afghanistan, there are certain rules and morals that you must live up to. For example, there are different types
Honor is a trait few possess in the modern world. Cyrano de Bergerac, a play by Edmond Rostand set in France during the sixteen hundreds, discusses honor in it’s truest form. But honor is not simply a code or a way to describe a man, there are characteristics that make a honorable individual. The main character, Cyrano, lives what many in his city would call an honorable life. Rostand uses this character to explore what characteristics make a man of honor. Some of the prominent traits the author presents as honorable are possessing controlled wit, bravery on and off the battlefield, and the ability to love unceasingly.
Honour went hand in hand with how reputable a family was considered to be within the community. There were two types of honour; “honor” which symbolized the honour brought to an individual by their family or their birth right, and “honra” which represented ones virtue in the sense of morality and piety or their saintliness. Honour killings would occasionally be performed (most often by men) on women who took lovers behind their husband’s backs. To restore his honour, the husband would be legally allowed to kill both his wife and her lover. Women would also resort to violent tendencies if anyone threatened their families’ honour and reputation. High class woman were known to protect both their own honour and the households by filing lawsuits and beating other women they saw as treats, making women more likely than men to act out in defence. In the “Scandal at the Church” case, Mr. de Alfaro indirectly refers to his wife’s and his family’s honour multiple times as his wife was attacked in the daylight crowds after mass. With so many people present to witness his wife’s beating and Mrs. Bravo’s insulting words, Mr. de Alfaro’s family honour was tarnished as a direct result from the scandal. Even as a man of a lower class, honour is still incredibly important as other families within the community base their perceptions on how honourable and thus reputable a family is. Mrs.
Traditional female characteristics and female unrest are underscored in literary works of the Middle Ages. Although patriarchal views were firmly established back then, traces of female contempt for such beliefs could be found in several popular literary works. Female characters’ opposition to societal norms serves to create humor and wish- fulfillment for female and male audiences to enjoy. “Lanval” by Marie De France and “The Wife of Bath’s Tale” by Geoffrey Chaucer both show subversion of patriarchal attitudes by displaying the women in the text as superior or equal to the men. However, “The Wife of Bath’s Tale” also incorporates conventional societal ideas by including degradation of women and mistreatment of a wife by her husband.
In many novels that take place in this era of post-World War II, women are portrayed to be submissive, clinging, and self-sacrificing. However, in Silko’s Ceremony, the women counter these stereotypical assumptions of how women normally behave. Also, men at this time are supposed to be strong, independent, and subtly heartless. Tayo breaks these norms by having many feelings and truly respecting himself and others. Overall, the gender-stereotypes being broken in this story bring about an entirely new sense of self-righteousness, importance, and acceptance among Tayo and the women and gods throughout the novel.
A major concern in both the film and the original text is the ‘status of women’. This is represented through the differing roles of women and their denigration within the Elizabethan society. For instance, Hero is accused of committing infidelity; consequently her image in society is tarnished, In addition to this, Claudio insults Hero publicly without even considering confirming the accusation of her being unchaste. This is illustrated through Claudio slandering Hero through the use of usage of Greek Mythological allusions “You seem to as Dian in her orb, but you are more intemperate than Venus in y...
Centuries ago in Elizabethan England there were many traditions about marriage and the treatment of women. One strong tradition of these times was the practice of marriage between races. Interracial marriages were considered extremely taboo. (High Beam). In this era marriages were arranged by the parents with strong help from the local church. The individuals had little choice as to who they would marry. (Elizabethan England Life). Yet another example of these traditions was the respectable treatment of women. While the husband was in charge of his wife, as was the father, the husband were expected to treat the women right (Elizbethi). In spurning all of these traditions, Shakespeare demonstrates a view of marriage far different from that of Elizabethan England, in doing this he is trying to plant new ideas in the people who read or view the play.