4.0 Case Study – The Anzac Bridge 4.1 Description The Anzac Bridge is an 8 lane cable stayed bridge that spans between the Sydney suburbs of Pyrmont & Glebe Island (Rozelle), providing access across Johnstons Bay. Bearing relatively close proximity to the central business district (CBD) of Sydney, the bridge forms part of the Western Distributor that provides passageway from the Sydney CBD into the Inner West & Nothern suburbs of Sydney. The Anzac Bridge officially opened in December 1995, with a total cost of $170 million. In addition to its 8 road lanes for vehicular transport, there are also designated footpaths on both sides of the bridge to allow access from pedestrians and cyclists. The total length of the Anzac Bridge spans around …show more content…
Because the cable stayed design allowed for support towers on the land rather than in the water, this avoided potential collisions from large ships with the support piers. The bridge deck itself was constructed in 10metre concrete segments, with the first three segments initially supported by the scaffolding (as seen in Fig 4.2.2). During construction, each segment cast of the land size was also paired with an equal segment over the water to ensure they were all adequately balanced. This segments would individually weigh around 460 tonnes. Upon the completion of the tower, the first stay cables were installed and attached to the allocated slots within the tower. The tower towers were 130metres in height, and consisted of 128 stay cables to support the reinforced concrete deck for the bridge. With construction works taking place predominantly over water, implemented was the unique technique of formtraveller, essentially being formwork that was able to progressively move, and thus ‘travel.’ This is because it was supported by the leading edge cables of the previous segment, where the formtraveller could then continuously provide support for the next 10metres of concrete segment to be
71,300 tons of structural steel, 931,000 tons of concrete 42,000 miles of cable wire weighting 11,840 tons, 4,851,700 steel rivets and 1,016,600 steel bolts were all used in the building of the Mackinac Bridge. 1,024,500 tons in total weight is what all this ends up weighting to (Mackinac Bridge 3) (Mackinac Bridge 8). The Main Mackinac Bridge towers reach 554 ft above water and 210 ft beneath the surface to bedrock (Mackinac Bridge 8). To contain temperature changes, high winds and changes of weight on the Mackinac bridge, the deck can move left or right as much as 35 ft at center span. (Mackinac Bridge 9). The total Building time of the bridge was 48 months/ 4
The cables are supported by four steel towers, one at each corner of the grid.
It became a link between Fort Erie, Canada and Buffalo, New York. The bridge is over one mile long, 5,800 feet, and holds three lanes of traffic. The center lane may go north or south depending on the volume of traffic. In 1934, the Great Depression caused a change.
At the time of its construction in 1929, the Ambassador Bridge was the largest spanned suspension bridge at 564 meters until the George Washington Bridge was built. It was an engineering masterpiece at the time. The total bridge length is 2,286 meters and rises to 118 meters above the river. Suspension cables support the main span of the Ambassador Bridge and the main pillars under the bridge are supported by steel in a cantilever truss structure. In total, the McClintic-Marshall masterpiece is comprised of 21,000 tons of steel. The immense socio-economical impact that the Ambassador Bridge has on transportation and trade is imperative for daily interaction between the Un...
The area of where the bridge was to cross the Ohio River was said to be one of the hardest places to build but came with some advantages. The section of the river had a solid rock base for the supporting pier to be built on. Since the engineers knew they could build a pier that would not settle they decided on a continuous bridge design. This design type distributes the weight so the steel trusses could be smaller and riveted together. This alone saved an estimates twenty percent of steel that was originally thought to be need to make the bridge cutting down the cost. The two continuous trusses span a collective 1,550 feet across the water. With addition of the north and south approach viaducts, for trains to go under the bridge, the superstructure’s total length is 3,463 feet. The bridge was made to hold two sets of tracks making the width 38 feet and 9 inches. The design called for 27,000 cubic yards of concrete and 13,200 tons of steel with some members being four foot square beams that span a distance of seventy feet. The design was the first step in a long process that would take several years to
An ANZAC commemorative location has been built at Gallipoli in union with the New Zealand government and with the approval of the Turkish
Golden Gate Bridge held the title as one of the longest bridges for a reason. It has a total length of 2,737 meters with a width of 27 meters. It also has a clearance of 67 meters for ships to pass by. Besides its incredible dimension, its architecture also plays a tremendous role for its beauty. The bridge employs art deco style, a chevron or beveled shape, used to add visual effect. The concrete structures at the ends of the bridge have chevron form as well as the concrete at the base of the towers. There are two shafts in each tower, 90 feet apart decreasing in width as they go up. The two shafts are connected by cross bracing and having four horizontal struts above. The bridge’s art deco design and towers were designed by architect Irving F. Morrow.
Natural Bridge is an area and suburb in the Gold Coast hinterland in south-eastern Queensland covering approximately 43 square kilometres, with a perimeter of approximately 32 kilometres. Directly north of Natural Bridge is the Numinbah Valley, east of it is Springbrook, west of is Binna Burra, and south of it lies the Queensland/New South Wales border. Natural Bridge’s terrain is largely made up of hills and is covered with trees apart from areas which have suffered from large scale land clearing. (Figure
I will also discuss the outcomes of the Gallipoli campaign, through deaths and political outcomes. But it turned into a long and savage fight, which the Anzac’s would have to endure for a long time, their world being defined by those two walls of the trench, the continuous sound of gunfire and the unbearable smell of rotting corpses that covered the ground. Conditions were as poor as could be imagined and many men not only lost their lives through bullets and shrapnel, but also from diseases that thrived in the trenches. In addition, Source 2 depicts the duckboard tracks, which were laid in all directions over the area of Gallipoli to make communication with the frontline possible.
Tjonescan. (2014, May 17). The Proposed Basin Reserve Flyover Pedestrian/Cycleway: Too narrow to be safe? [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://savethebasin.org.nz/2014/05/17/the-proposed-basin-bridge-pedestriancycleway-too-narrow-to-be-safe/
Australia is a country of diversity, heritage, culture and history. Today, there are many multicultural people living and coming to Australia for peace and safety. With many events that have shaped Australia, the ANZAC legend is no exception. The purpose of this essay is to show that the ANZAC legend is still relevant to Australian life today.
The Anzac Legend is such an important event in Australian history. It began on the 25th of April 1915 and Australia began to commemorate it a year later in 1916. It was created because the ANZAC soldiers fought bravely for our country, showing we were just as good as the rest.
ANZAC Day goes beyond the anniversary of landing on Gallipoli in 1915, it is a day we remember those who died in any war, conflicts and peacekeeping operations. It also marks the anniversary of the first military action fought by Australian and New Zealand forces. It is here that we became globally recognised as a nation. “It’s a day when we paid a terrible price, so many young lives. They deserve to be celebrated. And I think it’s very reaffirming of our society that so many people care about something that happened so long ago.” Every year children, grandchildren, friends, family and the general public come together and unite in commemoration for those who lost their lives. We stand by those of us who are family and friends of the fallen and give our support. ANZAC day is one where we come together and thank those who fought for us to grant our freedom. We unite in commemoration for our
In her essay,”Importance of the Golden Gate Bridge,” Stephanie Stiavetti suggest that “It maintained this point of pride for nearly 25 years until the Verrazano- Narrows Bridge was built in New York in 1964. Today, this historic San Francisco landmark holds its place as the second largest suspension bridge in the country, behind Verrazano Narrows.” Back then, experts thought that it would be impossible to build a bridge across the tides and currents in that area because strong currents and tides would make construction extremely difficult and dangerous. The water is over 500 feet deep in the center of the channel, and along with the area's strong winds and thick fog, the idea of building a bridge there seemed nearly impossible. Despite all of the problems of building a bridge across the Golden Gate, Joseph Strauss was named as lead engineer for the project. Construction began January 5, 1933, and in the end cost more than $35 million to
The 1.78 mile western span of the bridge between San Francisco and Yerba Buena Island presented the first obstacle. The bay was up to 100 feet deep in some places and required a new foundation-laying technique. Engineers developed a type of foundation called a pneumatic caisson to support the western section. A series of concrete cylinders were grouped together and then capped-off, having the air pressure of each cylinder identical to balance the beginning of the structure. From there, the workers added sets of new cylinders until the caisson reached the bottom of the bay. Then, in order to reach the bedrock, they inserted long drills down the cylinders, digging until they reached bedrock. After the caisson was balanced at the bottom of the bay, workers filled it with 1 million cubic yards of concrete, more concrete than was used for the construction of the Empire State Building! This caisson connected the two suspension bridges that make up the western part of the bridge.