A successful athlete is a combination of determination, talent and the right state of mind. One major factor that distinguishes a good athlete from an unsuccessful athlete is the mental state of mind. On one hand, athletes experience the thrill and joy of victory, but on the other hand, they experience an enormous amount of pressure if they loose in a particular competition/event. One main reason for this pressure could be the high level of anxiety the athlete experiences before the event. The ability to cope with pressure situations on the ‘big day’ of competitive action is widely regarded as a key determinant of success in sport. (Lavallec. D., Kremer, J., Moran, A., & Williams. M. (2004) Sports Psychology: Contemporary Themes.
New York:
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It states that as arousal increases, performance would increase as well; however, if the level of arousal becomes too high, it would affect performance adversely. In other words, as stress began to build an individual still felt confident in their ability to control it and performance would improve. However, once a stressor became so great that the individual started to doubt the ability to cope with it, performance began to decline. (September, 1999 Volume 1, Issue 2 The Relationship Between Anxiety and Performance: A Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective Miguel Humara, M.A.) Evidence exists to support this hypothesis. For example, Klavora (1978) found that within a sample of high school basketball players, the highest levels of performance were displayed by people who reported moderate levels of somatic anxiety. (Lavallec. D., Kremer, J., Moran, A., & Williams. M. (2004) Sports Psychology: Contemporary Themes.
New York: Palgrave Macmillan Publisher pg 122)
Unfortunately, one major flaw of this model is that researchers cannot decide whether the level of arousal for an athlete is too high or too low as this is subjective. Therefore, it becomes difficult to test this theory
Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2009). Motivational climate and changes in young athletes’ achievement goal orientations. Motivation and Emotion, 33(2), 173-183.
Editor (Ed. ): The. Essential Readings in Sport and Exercise Psychology.13-22. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, Inc. Elliot, R. M. & Co. (1956)
Hours before a match, athletes in all corners of the world tend to freak out due to all the psychological factors that accompany performance in sports. Stop for a quick second and imagine becoming a Manchester United Striker or a Denver Broncos Wide-Receiver. For those who did not know already, these two positions are among the hardest in the sports world to play. Not only must the person assigned to these positions stay up until the early hours of the morning studying plays and formations so they might better assist their team come match day, but they also act as the main way the teams they play for get any points. If the expectation of being the team’s top scorers isn’t enough, they must also act as an inspiration to every other teammate that plays alongside them. Even though most people say psychological factors have no effect on an athlete’s performance in sport, athletes are negatively affected by the psychological aspects because of pre-game jitters they may experience, the relationship each athlete has with the stadium crowd, and the toll each match has on the athletes’ bodies.
Sport and exercise science is a multidisciplinary field that draws on knowledge from the broader parent disciplines, the subareas that make up sport and exercise science also draw on measures, constructs and concepts from each other. In fact, it is suggested that sport psychology should include knowledge from other sub-disciplines within sport and exercise science in order to gain better understanding of situations specific to
A student athlete faces adversity on a daily basis. With facing adversity a lot of times comes stress, and with stress anxiety can start to become a huge factor on how the student athlete performs. When speaking of performing, that’s on and off the field tasks. Student athletes are known to have many responsibilities. A problem many student athletes face is managing all their responsibilities while not feeling overwhelmed. Once the pressure of trying to manage all the responsibilities a student athlete might have begins to weigh down on him or her, that’s when one with anxiety can start to lose the “it” factor that allows them to perform.
Hoar (2007) discusses that athletes often perceive anxiety differently based on situational factors. These factors include: sport type, team role, and importance of event. For example, an athlete might feel more anxiety before an event if their role on the team is substantial (ie. Captain) or if a game is at a pivotal point in the season. Personally, I pe...
Sports psychology can be defined as the study and application of the attitudes and behaviors of athletes (including team athletes) that impact (either positively or negatively) performance in sports or competitive settings. The goal of sports psychology is to help athletes and teams identify unhealthy attitudes and beliefs, apply mental toughness skills and peak performance strategies to perform at optimal levels (Cohn). Sports psychology is not recognized as a traditional field of practice offered by graduate programs; although, it is a recognized field of specific study under Kinesiology and Physical Education Programs. Sports psychology was first founded in 1920 by Carl Diem in Berlin, Germany. Later on, in 1925, sport psychology was brought to the U.S by Cloman Griffith. These early psychologists aimed to observe the effects of mental state on different factors of performance such as reaction time, tension, relaxation, and awareness (Haney). In the 1960’s Griffith’s research interest in sports psychology reemerged after having faded away for a while; however, the field had a...
Anxiety results from the athlete’s perception that he/ she is not good enough for the particular situation, which will cause stress (Edward and Hardy). An early model that attempted to explain the relationship between arousal and performance was the ‘inverted- U hypothesis.’ It stated that when an athlete would become aroused he/ she would do well in the event of competition, but if the athlete became too aroused then performance would deteriorate.... ... middle of paper ... ...
Sports Psychology Today. Mental Edge Athletics, 4 Sept. 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. Forde, Pat.
I am a young ambitious student who strives to excel in everything I do. I want to study Sport Psychology as I know I possess the right skills to further and develop myself in the career of sports. I have the ability to understand others in sports as I also play sports myself. I have been in high pressured sporting situations which I have used my psychological skills to help increase my performance. What interests me in Sport Psychology is that I can make a big difference to not just my life but the lives of people in sport such as rehabilitating athletes or boosting athlete performance. I am fascinated by how different athletes perform in the same environment and getting practical with the mind, body and brain. Improving performance, consistency and stability in an athlete’s
Introduction This essay will critically evaluate the most common psychological issues that occur with athletes during their careers; the most common issues that sport psychologists deal with are mental and emotional issues such as goal setting, imagery, concentration, stress and anxiety. The biggest names in sports have a sport psychologist besides them to keep them concentrated and motivated in case they lose interest in the sport according to Jarvis (2006). Sport rules the world, think about it everywhere we look there is a sporting event going on or an even that is being televised. According to Parker & Watson (2014) over the last three decades sport has been followed like a religion, now you may ask; what has this got to do with sport psychology? The answer is simple with so much focus on sport from the fans and the media particularly; athlete’s performances are put under a microscope which results in more pressure on athletes to try their hardest to always give winning and professional
By being in tune with your body, you literally have control over your body in stressful situation, which allows you think clearly and perform with belief that you capable of doing what is needed from you on the field. In saying that when you placed under a pressure situation things will not always go as planned. You as the player will need understand the concept of failure and find a way to move on. By dwelling on past events, your concentration goes out the window and your confidence levels drop. Now, the 1-Pitch Warriors mentality on that is to understand what happen, how it happen, what can be done to prevent it from happening again, then to flush the negative thoughts and move on. They stuck to their motto of taking each game pitch-by-pitch, which allows them to focus on the process rather the outcome. The process allows them to focus in the things they can control and minimize thinking about things that are out of their control. By focusing on the things as a team that you can control you allow yourselves to be productive. One of the process-based philosophy was the K.I.S.S. principle: Keep It Simple Stupid. They believed that winning was the by-product of doing small things right during the course of the game. At the end of the game if they stayed to their process-based philosophy, they will give themselves a chance to achieve their outcome. This can also lead to
Children who participate in sports are developing rapidly in sports skills, sportsmanship, and psychologically, but does this come from organized sports are just nature’s process. Children develop emotional and social benefits from participating in sports. Children experience character and leadership development through peer relations leading to an increase in self-esteem and a decrease in anxiety levels. Children will get opportunities to experience positive and negative emotions throughout their practice and games trials. It is important for the coach to understand the “psychology of youth sports and physical activity participation” (Weinberg & Gould, 2011 p.516).
Firstly, it is vital to note that anxiety, motivation, and concentration tremendously influence people's self-confidence and their performance at the long-run (Damon & Raedeke, P 188). Higher self-confidence reduces anxiety. The vice versa is also true. This is based on the fact that optimally confident sports people experience fewer doubts on self. Their worries reduce and give room for concentration in their activities. Additionally, motivated athletes are in a better position to strive towards achieving their goal. Motivation enables sports people to combat negativity and low self-esteem as they focus more on their goals other than obstacles. Therefore, it is fundamental to note that coaches and sports people must collaborate in finding any mechanisms that could stimulate and uphold self-esteem since it is, directly and indirectly, impactful to their
Sports psychology continues to evolve in order to ensure that comprehensive and evidence-based psychological services are available for athletes and teams. Giving athletes an understanding of their psychological functioning, and building the ability to implement a range of psychological strategies in competition enables athletes to both execute their skills and thrive under pressure as they strive to reach their performance potential.