Prospectus and Annotated Bibliography
I. Motivation and Statement of your Research Problem/Question
The significance of improved education has been critical for the development strategies of most countries, and the research data (Vinod, 2007) shows significant progress in improving school attainment across the developing world will boost economic growth in recent decades. Developing countries have made a significant amount of progress in improving their literacy and college level education. A country such as Korea has increased their educational spending since the mid-1960s as a developing country, by the beginning of 21st century, Korea has reached the income standards of high-income countries. Thus, human capital seems to have an effect on
…show more content…
But this approach has wrongly assumed that all schools will produce the same educational benefits regardless of location and reputation of the school. A year of schooling in America and a year of schooling in Africa are treated as equally productive, which is not appropriate. In this research, a more direct measurement of human capital is student test performance in math and science that described as cognitive skills. The relationship between cognitive skills and the growth of GDP per capita would produce more accurate result on how human capital affects economic conditions. Specifically, the research question for this project is how student test scores in math and science affects the national GDP per capita, instead of using the traditional approach of school attainment with average years of schooling as a proxy for human capital. The approach of using cognitive skills as a proxy for human capital is not new as Hanushek (2013) has used the basic and advanced skills for his human capital proxy in his research on the importance of cognitive skills for economic growth. Nevertheless, the majority of researchers still used school attainments for their human capital related studies and might because the data of test performance was not available in the …show more content…
The theory model has a residual in the equation and later Mankiw and other researchers realized that much of residual might be due to human capital. Thus, researchers developed augmented Solow models, which contain human capital as an independent variable in explaining GDP growth. The human capital theory (Teixeira, 2016) is the foundation of this research as a country puts investment into educating human to learn skills and technology, the production per worker will increase as same as an operating machine with more advanced technology in the factory. In addition, workers with higher skill and expertise in technology can earn higher earnings to maintain healthy body and thus produce long term reliable production at work, and lead to increase in production for the employer, then the industry and the nation. By using the cognitive skills in measuring human capital can enable the research to see how effective is the education spending on the growth of the nation. From the research question of this study, how do student test scores in math and science affects the national GDP per capita, and the following hypothesis emerges: H1. Country with higher student test scores than OECD average in math and science will grow faster in terms of GDP per capita; H2. Country with lower student test scores than OECD average in math and science will grow slower in terms of
In this book, Bauerlein argues that technology as a whole has had the opposite of its intended effect on American youth. According to his argument, young adults in the United States are now entirely focused on relational interactions and, in his view, pointless discussions concerning purely social matters, and have entirely neglected intellectual pursuits that technology should be making much simpler. He calls on various forms of data in order to prove that the decline is very significant and quite real. This book is meant to be a thorough and compelling study on the reality of what technology has caused in the U.S.
In this article, the editors discussed the social trends and how they can change in nature of father involvement. They tested how children today will make their expectations taking upon a role of mother and father. Increase in father absence is associated with poor school achievement, reduced involvement in labor force, early childbearing, and high risk-taking behaviors. In addition, boys without fathers will experience problems with their sexual orientation and gender identity, school performance, psychosocial adjustment, and self-control. The editors differentiated the girls by how affected they were without fathers.
This article goes into depth on the different components that make up breast milk’s nutrient content. The article also goes over the different types of milks that a mother produces when feeding her infant. It also brings up that every mother’s milk is different because breast milk will change itself based on an infant’s nutritional needs. Both authors work at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research for Human Milk and Lactation which means both authors have a strong knowledge about breast milk. All sources they
In this article Thorson is arguing against Mayhew and his argument that a divided government does not impact the amount of significant legislation that is passed and enacted. Thorson argues that Mayhew may be correct in that there is no difference between the number of bills passed, but a divided government does effect the formation of coalitions. Thorson specific argument is that party unity votes that favor the dominant party are more likely to form on final votes of passage during periods of unified government....
In this generation, with this continuously improving developments and the global economy, education that is of high quality is not only the pathway towards opportunity but it is a pre-requisite that one needs for achieving success. Since educational achievement and economic progress are inextricably linked, it is essential to educate every student in America so as to graduate from high school fully prepared to join college and for a career is of national importance. So as to create an economy that will last, there should be revision of competitive and complete education that can enable learners to succeed in the global economy that is based on innovation and knowledge. This essay argues for reform of K-12 education through includes stopping cuts in education budgets to curb teacher attrition, incorporation of technology to empower teachers on delivery, expansion of the K-12 engineering curriculum and accountability reforms including the delivery of tests so as to improve K-12 education in the United States.
Minimum wage should be increased because millions of Americans will be saved from a life of poverty. With inflation increasing every year, it is necessary to raise the minimum wage to keep up the living cost.
Cooper, John. “The Writing of the Seen World: David Jones 's In Parenthesis.” University of Toronto Quarterly 48.4 (1979): 303-312. Project MUSE. Web. 22 Oct. 2016. Cooper argues Jones ' mastery of visual description in In Parenthesis. In Paragraphs seven through thirteen, Cooper compares In Parenthesis to James Joyce 's “Araby,” and attributes the same qualities to Joyce 's writing. He makes the point that both have “a highly developed feeling for space, form, and color” (306.) He then follows up with an example from Joyce 's text. This opinion of Joyce 's writing style parallels my own. I address how Joyce is a master of visual description and how the descriptions of various settings mirror the growth of his protagonist.
Annotated bibliographies explain, provide periodical material aimed at, and assess the work on a collection of bases. In research we can check annotated bibliographies to weigh the potential usefulness of our sources so that we can document our search efforts. The descriptive and evaluative annotations are the two kinds that is possibly concise, entailing of just expressions, sentences and paragraphs, or it could be more proper.
It is noticeable that the system of education is changing from time to time based on financial issues and how the world is growing. In the past, individuals taught the education system from the oldest member of the family to children, and their members were charging fees from the families that sent their children to them. Which meant that education was an important thing in all ages. Nowadays, the education is shaped to an official system run by professional people in governments and many countries invest high amounts towards education which makes evidence of how important it is in our current life. Every country has a different system of education based on their financial stability, government infrastructure and the standard of the government officials. It is noticeable that there is a big difference between the education in developing countries and the prevailing system in developed countries .In my essay I will discuss some reasons for these differences...
Education is generally seen as a formal process of instruction, based on a theory of teaching, to impart formal knowledge to one or more students (Cogburn, n.d.). Henceforth, individuals seek to acquire some form of schooling from pre-school through secondary school while others may go on to tertiary to better him or her in some way. A definition of education according to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is that education is “a process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or colleges, to improve knowledge and develop skills.” Where education in the common parlance has become a process of adding layers of one’s store of knowledge, the true aim of education is to call forth that which is essential to the individual (White, 2006). Furthermore, and according to Coombs and Ahmed 1974, education is a continuing process, spanning the years from earliest infancy through adulthood and necessarily involving a great variety of methods and sources. Education also involves inculcating in students distinct bits of knowledge; therefore education is an additive process (White, 2006). It adds to an individual as well as it adds to a country through the individuals who are and would have been or are being educated. According to a study conducted by Olaniyan and Okemakinde 2008, education creates improved citizens and helps to upgrade the general standard of living in a society. Furthermore, education plays a key role in the ability of a developing country to absorb modern technology and to develop the capacity for self-sustaining growth and development (Todaro and Smith, 2012).
This report analyses social and economic factors such as, risk of poverty, employment rate and population completed at least upper secondary education. In this report you can find summary of the data, descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis, which shows that poverty has a small negative relationship with employment rate and negative relationship with education. Thus, this means if countries would increase employment rate and increase number of people who finish secondary education they would be able to reduce poverty level in the countries.
In order for any country to survive in comparison to another developed country they must be able to grow and sustain a healthy and flourishing economy. This paper is designed to give a detailed insight of economic growth and the sectors that influence economic growth. Economic growth in a country is essential to the reduction of poverty, without such reduction; poverty would continue to increase therefore economic growth is inevitable. Through economic growth, it is also an aid in the reduction of the unemployment rate and it also helps to reduce the budget deficit of the government. Economic growth can also encourage better living standards for all it is citizens because with economic growth there are improvements in the public sectors, educational and healthcare facilities. Through economic growth social spending can also be increased without an increase of taxes.
With the global economy relying more than ever on brainpower and innovation rather than raw materials and manual labour as generators of wealth, a good education has become the key factor determining who will succeed and who will be left behind.
"Education Is the Single Most Important Factor in the Development of a Country? Do You Agree?" StudyMode.com. Web. Nov 2012.
It is natural to be misled by the idea that economic growth is the key