A STUDY ON SHORT TERM MEMORY AND AGE
Annotated Bibliography
Memory Changes in Older Adults. (2006, June 11). Retrieved February 21, 2016, from http://www.apa.org/research/action/memory-changes.aspx
This article is about how in order to understand human behavior on the outside of the brain, there needs to be an understanding of what occurs inside the brain. During the early twenties to one's’ forties, brain volume decreases which ultimately has a correlation with the decline in memory. This is one of the things that occurs with the human brain as age increases since those older in age have to try harder or have a decline in verbal fluency, physical activities, memory and planning or organizing activities. This is majorly for the changes in
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K. (n.d.). Preventing Memory Loss With Aging. Retrieved February 21, 2016, from http://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/features/4-ways-stop-age-related-memory-loss
This article explains how lifestyle choices and health can help improve memory or prevent the decline in memory. It talks about how memory loss is a common everyday thing, since there are different levels to it, such as a difference between forgetting where your keys are to what those keys were used for. A balanced diet is a factor, according to this article, Kirk Erickson’s studies showed that those who took vitamin supplements brain shrinked less than compared to those who did not take vitamin supplements. Studying a new skill can help prevent memory decline as well as staying focused.
This is relevant to our study since it involves methods that could be used to help prevent memory loss and if people engage in these activities, their mental and physical help could improve greatly. For this study the information gathered from this experiment can help when talking about the reasons why somes memory could be better than someone else's memory when comparing results. These factors could be vital to this study, since it is about the correlation between memory and the
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Because studies show that older people do indeed have have more difficulty with short term memory tasks, we think they will struggle on completing and doing well on the tests. How we plan to collect data is by surveying students and teachers in multiple classes on short-term memory tasks. We are planning to survey different grades and teachers of different ages, though we will not ask the teachers for their actual age. We will pick the classes randomly, not necessarily paying attention to the class subject rather the age group. We then plan to have them watch a video in which they have to pay close attention to. The video will list or show certain words, objects, numbers, and so on and the students and teachers will then have to write on a piece of paper what they remember from. There will be multiple trials, each being a bit different than the previous in order to test things such as how new and fresh information affects previous information and as well as how the different approaches in how information is shown affects memory. We will then collect the papers and review them. We will asks that the participants submit their papers anonymously however, we will ask for them to include their age. We will do so because we are conducting a research on the ability of short term memory of
In the experimental group the middle four average scores were not significantly different (M = 0.70, SD = 0.04) from the last four average scores (M = 0.50, SD = 0.00), t(4) = 2.06, p < ns . In the control group, the middle four average scores were also not significantly different (M = 0.68, SD = 0.02) from the last four average scores (M = 0.56 , SD = 0.00), t(4) = 1.89, p < ns.The serial position curve of recall of the warned group and the control group showed a similar pattern as to the one found in previous studies on the same topic. Both groups were able to recall about 90% of the words in the beginning of the list and the end of the list (See Figure 1). The warned group had slightly more false memories, but the difference was not at all significant (see Figure 2). The control group recalled more critical and studied words than the warned group (see Table
Memory loss-forgetting information really easy,Trouble planning and problem solving, Daily tasks,Times and places are confusing,Changes in Vision,Words and conversations are frustrating.Memory loss means forgetting information really easy. Trouble planning and problem solving turns tricky to follow a recipe, even one you’ve used many times. Is it hard to concentrate on detailed tasks that involves numbers. Daily tasks are a challenge ,familiar things can become hard. You have trouble driving to a location you go to often. Times and places are confusing get disoriented, get lost easily and forget where you are ,and how you got there.Changes in Vision makes it harder to read the words on the page.You have trouble judging distance,and can’t tell colors
life, such as reasoning, problem solving, speaking, visual processing and the memory processing. Moreover, the brain plays a highly important role for encoding and recall different kids of memories. Since computer have been invented, people use CT and PET to discover that there have many regions in the brain are associated with memory processing. Although these technologies help people to explore better the relationship between brain and memory, however the reality cases studying can make people comprehend the impact of life closely about what if some regions of the brain have been damaged. And the experimental study in brain regions also useful for evaluating
Memory plays a significant role in the everyday lives of people of all ages. It allows them to recall information and remember skills that were learned in the past. Memory also organizes past information to help people make current and future decisions. However, imagine forgetting the names of close family members or not having the ability to find your keys every time you want to leave the house. These are some of the struggles that people with Alzheimer’s disease face daily. Alzheimer’s disease was first identified by German neurologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906, and was discovered to have an overpowering effect on explicit memory loss (Gruetzner, 1988). There are two types of Alzheimer’s disease – early onset and late onset. Early onset occurs in patients who are diagnosed before the age of 65 whereas late onset occurs in patients who are diagnosed after the age of 65. In the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, short-term memory is often lost. As Alzheimer’s disease progresses, problems with long-term memory begin to develop, in addition to short-term memory impairments. Although a lot is known about the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, the cause has not been conclusively identified. However, as research continues, new theories about the cause of Alzheimer’s disease are being proposed. This has led to a controversy over whether Alzheimer’s disease is caused by genetics or environmental influences (Gruetzner, 1988).
...tions in the number of synaptic spines and functional synapses contribute to annual reductions of as much as 0.5% to 1.0% in cortical thickness (the cortex is the outermost layer of the brain) and sub-cortical volume in some regions of the brain (Fjell & Walhovd, 2010). Working memory declines in both speed and function, so they forget names, locations of important objects, appointments and medication schedules (Smart, 2012). Both physical fitness and exercise in the form of stimulation among multiple channels aid in slowing cognitive decline and could potentially provide success to individuals (Whitbourne & Whitbourne, 2010). However, Horn and Cattell found that memory, crystallized intelligence, and fluid knowledge all decreased after age of 70 despite level of education, physical activeness and the number and variety of stimulating experiences (Smart, 2012).
In the article, “The Critical Importance of Retrieval For Learning” the researchers were studying human learning and memory by presenting people with information to be learned in a study period and testing them on the information that they were told to learn in order to see what they were able to retain. They also pointed out that retrieval of information in a test, is considered a neutral event because it does not produce learning. Researchers were trying to find a correlation between the speed of something being learned and the rate at which it is forgotten
Understanding how the brain processes and stores memories has important implication. Dementia is a liberal term that refers to the decline and impairment of speech communication, abstract thought, memory and other cognitive functions. This cognitive disruption occurs to such an extent that they interfere with daily activities Dementia is not a disease itself. Instead, it depicts it describes a group of symptoms that frequently accompanies a disease or a condition. Although, it might initially seem disturbing to consider that half of the adult population will experience the symptoms of a mental disorder. Psychological symptoms without becoming completely debilitated and needing professional intervention most people clearly seem to manage
The human brain consists of many subsystems within the long-term memory. One of which is episodic memory. Episodic Memory is the remembrance of a phenomenal personal experience in terms of what, when, and where. This memory begins by retrieving information such as, words, objects, or faces; using this knowledge the episodic memory finds links and slowly transitions into recalling the complete memoir. Research studies established by Herlitz, Nilsson, and Backman prove that sex differences favor women when it comes to episodic memory. In this research experiment these psychologists took about 1,000 applicants, both male and female, between ages of 35 – 80, and asked them to remember a list of words; the study showed that women outperformed men by 25 percent. Coming to the conclusion that, since women were able to recall more words than men they evidently had the better episodic memory.
Knapton, S 2014, ‘Brains of elderly slow because they know so much’ Telegraph Media Group, published in the Journal of Topics in Cognitive Science, viewed on the 22nd of march 2014
Atkinson, R.C. & Shiffrin, R.M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control process.
Stroke is a medical condition most people are familiar with, but most people are unaware of its effect on memory functions. There have been several studies conducted that study of effects of stroke on different memory systems, how to properly assess memory damage in stroke patients as well as how to improve memory after stroke. A major theme from the course that relates to stroke and memory is the theme of metamemory and its components such as prospective memory. Personally, I believe that these studies offer hope to stroke victims and their families because memory damage can evaluated and therefore a method of treatment can be developed.
Introduction This assignment critically discusses dementia, a widespread disability among older adults today. It provides an introduction to dementia and analyses its prevalence in society. The various forms of dementia are elaborated with descriptions of dysfunctions and symptoms. Nursing Assessment and Interventions are provided in the further sections which discuss actions nurses should take while evaluating patients and treating them.
Learning to tie shoes and ride a bike requires the encoding, storing, and retrieving of past observations of the procedure. With a lot of practice, children master these skills so well that they are able to remember them the rest of their lives. Memory is the storing of information over time. It is one of the most important concepts in learning; if things are not remembered, no learning can take place. As a process, memory refers to the "dynamic mechanism associated with the retention and retrieval of information about past experiences" (Sternberg 260). We use our memory about the past to help us understand the present. The study or memory in psychology is used in different ways, as well as there are many different ways to study how memory works in humans. In psychology there are many tasks used to measure memory, and different types of memory storages that human's use, such as sensory storing, or short term storing. There are also a lot of techniques that humans use to improve their memory, which they can use to learn, such as mnemonic devices. All these things can be classified as important issues in the study of human memory and ways of learning.
Historically, memory has been a recurring topic in cognition research. Through the years, many scientific findings have helped us to understand how memory works. Since, older adults are the subgroup most affected by frequent memory deficiencies, they would be highly benefited with the advance of the cognitive
Some people belief that when they are old, their cognition will decrease, especially in decision-making and learning new things. On the contrary, older people have a wise brain and perfect skill because different skill of Cognition which is the process of knowing and understanding (longman dictionary) will peak at different time, some is soon while some take a longer time. Besides as people are ageing they have more experience as well as more knowledge to increase their ability to learn, that why we have a sayings like” the older, the wiser”. Furthermore, our brain is working as the same as our skin or body if only they take care of their brain in the right way they can keep their brains sharp for a certain extra time.On the other hand, people