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Elements of rhetoric
Summary of Animal farm
Critical analysis animal farm
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“The pen is mightier than the sword.” This is a popular saying that explains that, sometimes, in order to persuade or convince people, one should not use force but words. In Animal Farm, by George Orwell, animals overthrow the human leader and start a new life, but some animals want to become the new leaders. To make the other animals obey the pigs, they first have to persuade the farm’s population. Squealer is the best pig for this job because he effectively convinces the animals to follow Napoleon by using different rhetorical devices and methods of persuasion. Squealer uses rhetorical devices in order to effectively persuade the other animals on the farm. To ensure that the other animals are not under the impression that the pigs are abusing their power, Squealer persuades them that the milk and apples they are taking are necessary for them to run the farm: “We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and organisation of this farm depends on us. It is for your sake that we drink milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we failed in our duty? Yes, Jones would come back!” (Orwell 36). Squealer uses the rhetorical device, hypophora. He asks a question then quickly answers it so his audience believes his answer instead …show more content…
His use of rhetorical devices and methods of persuasion effectively convinces the animals to believe farfetched ideas. By using different rhetorical devices, he convinces the animals that the pigs are not abusing their power, just like in the milk and apples incident and the bed dispute. Also, by using several methods of persuasion, he convinces them that Snowball, one of the most trustworthy animals, is evil and a double agent, and he also instills loyalty in the other animals for Napoleon after Boxer is murdered. Squealer is definitely the most effective speaker because he convinces and persuades all the animals on the farm to believe blatant
Some reasons why are the following: "He was a brilliant talker, and when he was arguing some difficult point he had a way of skipping from side to side and whisking his tail which was somehow very persuasive. The others said of Squealer that he could turn black into white." Squealer was a manipulator and nearly everything that came out of his mouth was manipulative. Another piece of evidence is when the birds objected to 'four legs good, two legs bad' and Snowball manipulated them and said that a birds wing can be regarded as a hand. The pigs were amazing at manipulating almost like it was breathing. For instance all they ever did was manipulate, like when the pigs took the milk and apples and then lied and said they had to have it for their health and that they don't like apples or milk, but if they don't have it they won't be healthy and Farmer Jones will come back. And that is what we call manipulation but manipulation isn't just shown in Animal Farm, it's shown in everyday life, in society and was really shown throughout the Russian Revolution. Realistically, nothing can be obtained without manipulation, intimidation, lying and deceiving, and Orwell's novel displays
At the beginning of George Orwell’s Animal Farm, an aging pig named Old Major gives a speech to the rest of the animals. In his speech, he explains to them how awful their lives are in order to shows them that the Rebellion against Man, their one true enemy, will come soon. Old Major appeals to the animal’s emotions by using rhetorical questions and fear to effectively persuade the animals of the coming Rebellion.
The theme of propaganda comes up in a part of the story when the pigs say “You have heard then, comrades, ‘that we pigs now sleep in the beds of the farmhouse? The pigs justify sleeping in beds by saying that they removed the sheets so it does not make it a bed. The theme of propaganda rises again when squealer has to justify to the animals that the pigs should keep the apples and milk for themselves because they are the more intelligent ones of the farm and need to stay healthy which the animals then accept. Propaganda is shown again when boxer is taken away to the “knackers” to be turned into glue which the animals are not aware of and think that he has been taken to hospital for treatment. Squealer then goes on to tell them that he was taken to the hospital by the vet for treatment but unfortunately died there. Squealer tells the animals that he was there when he passed and that his last words were “long live animal farm” which was not true and never even happened because he wasn’t taken to hospital, he was taken to the knackers to be turned into glue. When the animals questioned why it said “horse mortuary” on the side of the van squealer told them that the vet had bought the van off the knackers and had not been rebranded
Squealer uses propaganda such as rhetorical questions, lies and threats to convince the animals to believe the pigs. Unfortunately for the animals, they are easily led. If it were not for their blind devotion, trust and naivety, they could easily see how the pigs gradually gained power. The pigs also use the dogs as force to keep the animals ‘in line’, discouraging them from trying to rebel.
Squealer was a direct reference to the USSR propaganda. Because of his natural ability to make speeches, the other animals praised his speaking by saying, he was able to "turn black into white". This means that everything he says sounds believable. So there is no questioning what he says. Squealer’s speech also influences thoughts. He starts say in one speech. “Without us, Jones might come back. If he comes back everyone's rations would be smaller"(Ch.9). He clearly plays on the emotions of the animals. He makes them think that if they do not support Napoleon and forgive him, Mr. Jones will come back and treat them 10 times worse.
Although Napoleon was not a strong public speaker he was very manipulative and used propaganda to persuade others to listen to him. The most obvious example of Napoleon's manipulation and use of propaganda would be through the sheep. Whenever someone questioned Napoleon the sheep on the farm would burst into a cry of “four legs good two legs bad” and everyone would forget about their speculations ( ). Since Napoleon was not a great speaker he used Squealer as his public voice. When the animals wondered where the apples and milk went Squealer was sent to give the other animals an explanation ( ). Squealer would also change the commandments whenever the pigs would break them ( ). If Napoleon got into a tough situation he would either say “you wouldn’t want Jones back,” or he would use Snowball as a scapegoat.
Squealer is very concerned with his own security. He latches on to Napoleon because he knows if he supports everything he does he will benefit from it. When Squealer promotes Napoleon, he doesn’t do it because he thinks that Napoleon is always right, he does it because he knows if he supports Napoleon he will get protected from it. He will do and say anything just so he is safe. If the other animals ever feel that Napoleon did or say something wrong, Squealer is there to change their minds. “Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals’ minds at rest. He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed, or even suggested. It was pure imagination, probably traceable in the beginning to lies circulated by Snowball.” (Orwell 64)
The first rhetorical device that Squealer uses to persuade the other animals is ethos. In the beginning of the novel, Squealer explains why the milk was not being distributed evenly, and why most of it was going to the pigs. Squealer supports this idea by emphasizing the leadership that the pigs play on Animal Farm. Squealer conveys the authority of the pigs by saying “The whole management and organization of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples” (Orwell 31). This quote is an example of ethos, because it shows that the pigs are looking out for the other animals. This shows that the pigs have credible reason to have the milk and apples. It is not really true that the pigs need all of the milk to themselves, so Squealer is using his speaking skills to his advantage, so that he and all of the other pigs are able to enjoy all of the milk. This is not fair to the rest of the animals, but the animals trust the pigs to know how to run things on the farm, so they accept this as a viable reason for their greediness.
The understanding of vulnerability is very important in the two texts. In Animal Farm, Squealer plays a crucial role in creating and projecting propaganda in order to establish a positive image of the pigs, and the
Napoleon often used his main sidekick, Squealer, to help in is manipulation efforts. Napoleon knew that the animals looked up to Squealer. He was very well spoken and talked in a hypnotic voice. For example, when the farmers begin to attack the farm, Napoleon yells out, "Impossible!" cried Napoleon. "We have built the walls far too thick for that. They could not knock it down in a week. Courage, comrades!" (Orwell, ch7). Napoleon convinces the animals to attack and keep Napoleon safe from danger. He would use his words to hearten the animals in doing what he says. Napoleons words really made them forget about fear and keep fighting. The animals had a lot of trust in him already so it wasn’t hard for them to be convinced. Before the battle had started Napoleon announced, “in a terrible voice pronounced the death sentence upon Frederick. When captured, he said, Frederick should be boiled alive” (Orwell, ch6). At the beginning Napoleon uses his speeches to convince the animals that Frederick is their friend. Now, Napoleon gives Frederick a death sentence and they now believe that he is the enemy. Napoleons words made them convinced to fight even before the battle had actually happened. Napoleon was a master manipulator. Whether it was through the use of his sidekick or through his own lies, he knew how to manipulate the truth to gain power over the animals, yet Napoleon uses one
He’s definitely not a good guy. He’s Napoleon’s mouth-piece and spreader of all the propaganda. The other animals on the farm are not as smart as the pigs and they are easily lead and convinced of things without evidence or proof. Towards the end, Squealer comes out of the woods after teaching the sheep a new chant that is totally against the original 7 rules. They say, “Four legs good, two legs better.” He is a manipulator and a parasite. He hides behind the throne and gets the good stuff because he is smart and a pig and Napoleon needs him to speak for him.
The first way the pigs use language to abuse their power is by using extensive detail and by using terms and vocabulary foreign to most animals. An example of the pigs using unknown terms can be found when Squealer explains to the other animals about how hard the pigs need to work to keep the farm running. “There was, as Squealer was never tired of explaining, endless work in the supervision and organization of the farm. Much of this work was of a kind that the other animals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had to expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called ‘files,’ ‘reports,’ ‘minutes,’ and ‘memoranda’…” (129). In this scene, the animals, exhausted, hungry, and overworked, are told about how the pigs work just as hard as they do. Although this is completely untrue, seeing that the pigs only occupy themselves in self-centered and self-beneficial engagements, the other animals believe it to be true because they do not know what files, reports, minutes, or memoranda are. Their ignorance leaves them unable to question Squealers story and they mistake the pigs’ true...
Through use of language, the pigs appeal to the animals basic hopes and desires of a better life and a better future. They make others work extremely hard, while they themselves rest and unfairly reap most of the benefits of the work. For example, “Now comrades,... to the hayfield! Let us make it a point of honor get in the harvest more quickly than Jones and his men do.” Later in chapter three, Squealer is sent to justify the pigs selfishness and to convince the animals that the pigs are working in their favor. He said, “You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples...Milk and apples contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig...the whole management and organization of this farm depend on us.” This how the animals are persuaded to believe almost anything without question.
Initially, the rebellion is a success: The animals complete the harvest and meet every Sunday to debate farm policy. The pigs, because of their intelligence, become the supervisors of the farm. Napoleon, however, proves to be a power-hungry leader who steals the cows’ milk and a number of apples to feed himself and the other pigs. He also enlists the services of Squealer, a pig with the ability to persuade the other animals that the pigs are always moral and correct in their decisions.
The strongest strategy that Squealer used in his speech was fear-mongering. Fear-mongering is a persuasive strategy in which fear is used to persuade the audience. While Squealer is giving his speech, he says, “One false step and our enemies would be upon us” (Orwell 41). Squealer is scaring his comrades by reminding them of their enemies who would terrorize them if they came back. All the animals hear this and remember what happened before and how they don’t want it to repeat. Squealer is speaking to his audience when, he questions, “Surely, comrades, you do not want Jones back?” (Orwell 41). This is another example of when Squealer uses fear-mongering in his speech.