Analysis of the Novel Ishmael by Daniel Quinn

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Ishmael begins when the nameless narrator finds a newspaper ad that reads: "Teacher seeks pupil. Must have an earnest desire to save the world. Apply in person" (4).
At first, he is angry, as it reminds him of the counterculture movement of the 1960s, which he participated in only to discover that there was no easy way to save the world.
Nonetheless, he responds to the ad, and finds that the teacher is a gorilla. Behind the gorilla is a sign that reads "With man gone, will there be hope for gorilla?" (9).
The gorilla, named Ishmael, can communicate telepathically. Communicating with him in this fashion, the narrator learns Ishmael’s background - in which the gorilla was stolen from the wild and displayed in a menagerie, then rescued by a Holocaust survivor who taught him his name and how to learn. Impressed, the narrator decides to accept his teachings, returning to Ishmael's office throughout the story.
From this point on, the novel is a Socratic dialogue between the narrator and Ishmael, as they seek to uncover “how things came to be this way” in the world. Ishmael claims that the topic of his teachings is “captivity” (33-34). Having spent the majority of his life in some form of captivity, Ishmael has been able to evaluate the subject to learn that humanity is also living under a form of captivity.
Ishmael learned human language and culture at zoos and menageries, and began to think about the world in a way completely differently than he would have in the wild. The narrator has similar feelings of living in captivity, but has trouble articulating how or why.
Before beginning their discussion in earnest, Ishmael defines some terms:
"Takers" are “civilized" people. They are the descendants of the people who developed agriculture ...

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...ontinued on its own, separate, path. As evolution continues to generate intelligent, self-aware creatures, the Leavers continue to grow, while the Takers have effectively stopped.
Ishmael's final advice to the narrator is that he must spread the world of these lessons, encourage individuals one at a time to break from the thought prison that Mother Culture's story creates. If Takers can begin to enact a different, more harmonious story, then perhaps the world will not be destroyed.
The narrator returns to the city to collect money he can use to buy Ishmael from the carnival. However, he discovers on his return to the carnival that Ishmael has died of pneumonia. He collects the gorilla's belongings, only to discover a message on the back of the poster he had seen on his first visit to the office. The back reads: "With gorilla gone, will there be hope for man?" (263).

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