During World War II, many German soldiers killed thousands of innocent lives, especially Jewish. However, not all lives lost during World War II, and the Holocaust be accounted for by German soldiers, and the mobile killing task force, Einsatzgruppen, but citizens themselves. In the book, Neighbors by Jan Gross, studies a Polish town called Jedwabne during World War II. The book provides evidence on a mass killing on July 10, 1941, by Polish citizens. The Polish citizens murdered roughly 350 victims, Jewish, in Jedwabne. This evidence brought to light by the author shows not all Germans were accountable for all the mass murders during the time period.
This book brought attention that citizens within a town were also a part of the killings
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One of the questions asked by the Jan Gross was “Is It Possible to Be Simultaneously a Victim and a Victimizer?” This question was asked because collectively Poland was facing struggles of being under Soviet Union before the war, and then Germany during the war. Could those events cause the people to change the relations between the Polish and Jewish people? In my opinion, I think a victim could also be a victimizer such as the citizens of Jedwabne. According to Jan Gross, she states “In the postmodern world the answer to such questions is very simple-of course it is possible”. Gross provides an example of the Allied forces discovered the concentration camps and confronted German citizens about the crimes committed. The German public opinion was unexpected and played the role of a victim rather a victimizer with statements such as “Poor Germany” . It was simpler for the German people to play a victim than be accountable for the burden of the war and mass murdering of millions of victims during World War II and the …show more content…
However, I want to discuss more recent events that are occurring in this time period to emphasize my point. The United States of America is facing the struggles of its own police force with brutality cases across America. Victims, majority of minority decent, of the wrongdoing of one police officer has caused numerous lives lost including innocent police officers. The victims caused a movement towards hate for all police officers or law enforcement. The movement caused numerous deaths of innocent lives of law enforcement. To tie this together, the town of Jedwabne was under control of Soviet Union, which had followed practices of anti-Semitism. If people start following an idea of anti-Semitism or anti-police, the people will blame the group for issues such as all these wars are caused by the Jews, or the criminal justice system is unfair and police target minorities to commit acts of brutality with no repercussions. I believe the idea of being a victim into a victimizer because the victims want to change that role after being hurt for such a period of time that the person or persons must act radically to change. To conclude, a victim could be a victimizer simultaneously and this applies to a group such as minorities, or an individual
The scene for the event was created by several factors that include political tension during the prewar years, the exiting of the Soviet Union, and the new management of the entering Nazi party. Non-Jewish citizens understood the system of these the new occupiers and that they would not be punished if they committed violent deeds against Jews and took their property. They saw this as their chance to get revenge on their Jewish neighbors, without getting in trouble for the crimes against them. Microassaults by Non-Jewish Polish citizens started on June 25, 1941. By July 10, 1941, the whole Jedwabne's Jewish population became the next victim. The Jewish residents were called to the town square and individual acts of humiliation and violence erupted. The single largest event of that day was the forcing of 1,600 Jews, men, women, and children, into a barn and setting it on fire which killed all 1,600 individuals. The events after July 10, which Gross describes, incorporates the disposal of the corpses, the disbursing of Jewish property, and the fate of families who were caught hiding Jews. In 1953, a trial was held against those who participated in the murdering of Jews during World War II. By using the evidence of survivor testimony and court documents during the 1953 trial, Gross discovered that German police were present during the massacre and that the Polish citizens did it. Specified by Gross, he brings the idea that
During World War II, six million Jews were brutally massacred by Adolph Hitler's Nazi regime. Several authors have written about the actions of bystanders in the Holocaust. In a poem, "The Hangman," and an allegory, The Terrible Things, Maurice Odgen and Eve Bunting described how bystanders could cause problems through their inactions.
The arguments of Christopher Browning and Daniel John Goldhagen contrast greatly based on the underlining meaning of the Holocaust to ordinary Germans. Why did ordinary citizens participate in the process of mass murder? Christopher Browning examines the history of a battalion of the Order Police who participated in mass shootings and deportations. He debunks the idea that these ordinary men were simply coerced to kill but stops short of Goldhagen's simplistic thesis. Browning uncovers the fact that Major Trapp offered at one time to excuse anyone from the task of killing who was "not up to it." Despite this offer, most of the men chose to kill anyway. Browning's traces how these murderers gradually became less "squeamish" about the killing process and delves into explanations of how and why people could behave in such a manner.
Murders inflicted upon the Jewish population during the Holocaust are often considered the largest mass murders of innocent people, that some have yet to accept as true. The mentality of the Jewish prisoners as well as the officers during the early 1940’s transformed from an ordinary way of thinking to an abnormal twisted headache. In the books Survival in Auschwitz by Primo Levi and Ordinary men by Christopher R. Browning we will examine the alterations that the Jewish prisoners as well as the police officers behaviors and qualities changed.
The events which have become to be known as The Holocaust have caused much debate and dispute among historians. Central to this varied dispute is the intentions and motives of the perpetrators, with a wide range of theories as to why such horrific events took place. The publication of Jonah Goldhagen’s controversial but bestselling book “Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust” in many ways saw the reigniting of the debate and a flurry of scholarly and public interest. Central to Goldhagen’s disputed argument is the presentation of the perpetrators of the Holocaust as ordinary Germans who largely, willingly took part in the atrocities because of deeply held and violently strong anti-Semitic beliefs. This in many ways challenged earlier works like Christopher Browning’s “Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland” which arguably gives a more complex explanation for the motives of the perpetrators placing the emphasis on circumstance and pressure to conform. These differing opinions on why the perpetrators did what they did during the Holocaust have led to them being presented in very different ways by each historian. To contrast this I have chosen to focus on the portrayal of one event both books focus on in detail; the mass shooting of around 1,500 Jews that took place in Jozefow, Poland on July 13th 1942 (Browning:2001:225). This example clearly highlights the way each historian presents the perpetrators in different ways through; the use of language, imagery, stylistic devices and quotations, as a way of backing up their own argument. To do this I will focus on how various aspects of the massacre are portrayed and the way in which this affects the presentation of the per...
During World War II there was event that lead to deaths of millions of innocent people. This even is known as the holocaust, millions of innocent people were killed violently, there was mass murders, rapes and horrific tortures. The question I will attempt to answer in the course of this paper is if the holocaust was a unique event in history. In my opinion there were other mass murders that people committed justified by the feeling of being threatened. But I don 't believe that any were as horrific and inhumane as Germany’s genocide of the Jewish people.
Grenville, John A.S. “Neglected Holocaust Victims: the Mischlinge, the Judischversippte, and the Gypsies.” The Holocaust and History. Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Abraham J. Peck. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1998. 315-326.
"Victims." A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust. University of South Florida, 1 Jan. 1997. Web. 19 May 2014. .
Police brutality has been an apparent mark on the struggles, trials, and tribulations of people of minorities for years, primarily Black people. From the times of slavery to the present unlawful targeting and murders of black citizens with no justification, police brutality has been an enema in Black American culture for hundreds of years. Seen both in James Baldwin’s “Going to Meet the Man” and in the current happenings of the United States. The hashtag “#BlackLivesMatter” has been a focal point in the current struggle for equality of the races. The current outpouring of support for black lives and
Victimology can be defined as the claim that a person or a group of people undergo problems, due to victimization. This could be any sort of crime or discrimination against race, sex, gender and even income. Since social media is a transparent source of voicing everybody’s opinion, victimology has become stronger over the past years. Everyone claims to be a victim of some element of society. For example, racial victimology has spiked up ever since the shooting incident of Fergusson, Missouri. Social media has exaggerated the extent of racism involved in this incident. There have been so many opinions and thoughts shared about this story, that it is impossible to access the real incident underneath all these layers. People have been sharing posts and articles about similar racial discrimination ever since, where white
What most people would think is that only black men and women are killed by police officers. Yet this year there has actually been more white individuals killed by police officers than any other race. This is only a problem, because when you read about police killings it is almost all about how police target people of color. With this idea it makes it so that people of color feel more like a victim in the country and are then scared of police officers, who are supposed to be there to help. The statistic of white people being killed by police officers is not covered by the media, because it is not as intriguing or as controversial as the other stories. It is very important that people know that police killings as a whole is an issue not just police killing minorities. Using social imagination and looking at this problem you can see why you would not want one group to feel victimized, which would lead to them striking back at the people that are there to help
This is not to say that neo-Nazis or skinheads do not partake in criminal hate activities. By far the largest determinant of hate crimes is racial bias, with African Americans the group at greatest risk. In 1996, 60%, were promulgated because of race, with close to two-thirds (62%) targeting African Americans. Furthermore, the type of crime committed against this group has not changed much since the 19th century; it still includes bombing and vandalizing churches, burning crosses on home lawns, and murder. Ethnic minorities often become targets of hate crimes because they are perceived to be new to the country even if their families have been here for generations, or simply because they are seen as different from the mainstream population.
Police brutality and racial profiling dates back to the 1700’s in the United States(Rushing). Unfortunately, such treatment by police continues today when police are expected to hold the civic duty to protect and serve. Mistreatment by police is just the start in most cases, when citizens fight back it becomes “brutal”. Police brutality by definition means “The use of any force exceeding that reasonably to accomplish a lawful police purpose.” Police brutality can occur in many different ways with the most common being physical harm. Although that is a big problem, there are other cases of Police brutality that involve acts of false arrest, verbal abuse, sexual abuse, intimidation, etc. An act that can be seen as police brutality could be a criminal running from the cops and an officer shoots a victim with a taser. Many cases of physical harm are police using excessive force to contain and arrest any individual. Since many accounts of police brutality have been directed towards minorities, these cases turn into acts of racial profiling. Racial profiling is the use of race or ethnicity as grounds for suspecting someone of having committed an offense. Let 's say for example Trayvon Martin, a simple 17 year old black male walking home from a gas station was shot and killed by a neighborhood watch member. This being one of the many
The atrocities of the Belgian Congo and the Holocaust are two of the main events in history that have been responsible for the mass murdering of millions of people. Although these events significantly changed the course of humanity, and the story behind each one is very different, there are significant factors that make them alike as well as different. Many would agree that comparing two atrocities that affected the lives of so many people and gave a 180-degree turn to each of their countries would be something very difficult to achieve. However, by comparing the behavior of both the perpetrators and the victims of both cases we might be able to further understand the lack of morality and the inspiration that led to these awful events. The perpetrators in both atrocities tended to have a similar pattern of behavior when it came to the way they saw their victims. But, they also acted in ways where you can draw the conclusion that one set of events was not inspired by the other. These two sets of atrocities were reported to have a very similar number of victims. However, the Holocaust is one of the most reminded events in history as a period of shame, tragedy and sadness, while many still ignore the atrocities in the Belgian Congo.
Background When classifying the types of people involved in an event such as the Holocaust, three categorical groups can be distinguished. First, and easiest to assess are the perpetrators. This category includes people directly related to the horrors of the Holocaust. The second category encompasses victims; all of the people that were killed, discriminated against, or otherwise harmed by the perpetrators. The final category defines those who watched, witnessed, or were otherwise indirectly involved in the Holocaust, without being harmed by the perpetrators.