In general, the determinant of demand is derived from the consumer behaviour theory, where it can be differentiated between economic factors and non-economic factors. The economic factors consist of the price and income that are commonly employed in the tourism demand studies. Theoretically, if the price of educational tourism in the destination country increases, the possibility for the demand for educational tourism to the destination country will decrease. Moreover, the price-quantity demanded relationship also provides information with regards to the sensitivities of educational tourists towards the living standard in the destination country. Nevertheless, the selection of variables as the proxy of price is quite displeasure and not generally …show more content…
One of the non-economic factors are the institutional reputation and image. Studies by Mazzarol and Soutar (2002), Lam, Ariffin, and Ahmad (2011), Staniscia (2012) and Abubakar, Shneikat, and Oday (2014) imply that institutional reputation plays a big part among international students’ decision in choosing their study destination. Their desire to study at a university which has a well-known reputation more or less will be an important criteria for their future employability (Keling, 2006; Bodycott, 2009; Abubakar, Shneikat and Oday, 2014). In other perspective, reputation and image of the institution also also helped in disseminating good information via word of mouth to their families and …show more content…
There could be a positive relationship between religion and the demand for educational tourism as religion similarities may be an induced factor among students, particularly from the Muslim countries to study in Malaysia. On top of that, there is also an attractive for a country that place more tolerance towards different beliefs and culture. It is important not only for their safety reason, but also considers a more free about practicing their faith in a foreign country. Thus, if prospective international students are comfortable with the way their destination country treats different religions, reaching out to a local religion-based community would be an important method to ease the transition of the international students into life in another country (Ross, 2016). The previous studies on tourism demand and international student mobility have overlooked the role of region that influence their study
A research university is rooted in the belief that “research was what created real life in a university, and this interest in matters of the mind and original discovery attracted superior people to the university” (Cole 19). Near the beginning of their inception in America, research universities “realized that faculty talent was a commodity” (Cole 32). Faculty talent brings in money, money funds better facilities, and better facilities attract more talent and improve research and so on. The ongoing cycle of research, talent, facilities, and money serves to perpetuate the existence of the university. A study on “institutional prestige and reputation among research universities” found that “faculty productivity and alumni giving” are important aspects in determining a research university’s reputation (Volkewein 140).
In addition to spending more on the actual education and university fees, the international students also have to spend on boarding and food. Finding a place to stay that is conveniently near to the university and other places of interaction, is affordable, accepts immigrants, and suits the basic requirements - is hard, sometimes impossible. A compromise on at least one criterion of the above is required to sustain in the new country.
For the introduction, brief information regarding my purchase and the travel and tourism industry is presented. It was then followed by the explanation of the 2 chosen theories from two different chapters.
The key element in attracting tourist arrivals to Malaysia are Malaysians practicing racial unity. Racial solidarity among Malaysians would attract tourists from outside the country to see for themselves the practice of racial unity which is the holding of every Malaysian. It is implicitly to introduce the beauty of Malaysia to the outside in turn raise the country's name. Therefore, it is natural Malaysians to practice unity as well as to attract tourists, a combination also could increase the country's name, as the saying goes, "while diving drinking water". In addition, by practicing unity, we can also develop the national economy. When unity is practiced by Malaysians, economic oppression will not happen because each race will compete fairly without the slightest feeling of jealousy in them. For example, the prevailing competition in the business world. Not only that, when people practice the proverb, "united we stand, divided we fall," people would also be able to jointly develop the national economy. National security can be enhanced even when the practice of racial unity has seeped into the psyche of every Malaysian. As we know, without unity, peace could not be established because the people will fight among themselves so that destroy the security of a country that has built it. Disputes that occur between people just will generate a lively atmosphere disruptive. As a result, true unity is essential to enhance the security of the
The student living in the foreign countries have to adapt to the new country and its cultures. This ability to adapt to the new and very different environment is vital to their wellbeing during their stay as students. While this may seem like a daunting and difficult task, thee risks are worth taking. Exposure to a new culture and environment brings a closer bond among the concerned individuals. The foreign students get a chance to interact and know each other’s cultures (White, 361). This exposure to new cultures fosters bonding and friendship among the students that sometimes are long lasting. However, this is a dying trend because current trends suggest that the foreign students align themselves with students from the same community. They identify with those whom they share a similar culture and shut out the rest of the students body. These international students should not segregate themselves in this manner for several reasons; instead, they should mingle freely with the perceived “local” students.
...th as it will significantly influence the whole school’s academic performance. On the other hand, when students graduating from this universities enter the level playing field of professional world, their performance and ability is a gauge used by their employers to judge whether the university is good or not. It is very clear that such practice, with a short-term economic return though, because great damages both to the universities themselves and to the international and local students in the long term.
Stabler, M.J. Papatheodorou, A. Sinclair, M.T. (2010). The economics of tourism 2nd edition. New York: Routledge.
By understanding how higher education institutions create desirable brands, universities can attract world-class faculty, sponsorship, and high-quality students, leading to improved public image and goodwill (Hemsley-Brown et al., 2016).
Their ability to portray themselves in this light, as well as attract the right talents to be part of their organization is vital for the continuous contribution to the various fabrics of the society. This in turn, translates directly to the university’s financial position and overall contribution to the country’s economy.
When people travel to a destination, they sure have some motivation to motivate them to make the decision. ‘Motivation’ is the key term that will make the tourist to consider the reason to travel around. During the decision making process, people will consider some of the reasons before they confirm travel to a destination. The research that has conducted in The Netherland found out a remarkably high propensity to travel, 70% of the populations are taking one holiday per year and 24% was taking two holidays per year for holiday. Some of the people will affect their decision making by looking at destination image or some of the impact advertising. On the internet, business people will use image and advertising to attract tourist to travel to the destination by using image that they edit before. This is part of the marketing to promote their country to tourist. For family traveler, they will consider the distance and transportation travel to the destination. When go for travel, tourist will bring the whole family to travel. Then, they will consider old people who travel long journey are very hard for them. If one of the family members are senior citizen, they need to consider their healthy. Some of the senior citizen cannot take long journey, such as they have sickness. Bring children go for holiday also need to be consider. Some of the children will afraid of the highest in the plane, so they will feel uncomfortable. There is plenty of reason need to consider before making any decision to travel. For understanding tourist motivation and decision making is for two main reason, planning consideration and economic consideration. (Page & Connell, 2009) Before the tourist travel to a destination, they need to think about culture, climat...
In recent years, tourism marketing has gone through strategic changes with the improvement in new technologies, the chase of a relationship between customers and suppliers as well as the importance of sustainability issues in marketing. Marketing Tourism reconsiders the needs of the tourists but does not overlook on the long term economic, environmental, social and cultural interests of the local population. So, it means that marketing consider both the tourist demand and effect to society as
Martinez, Luis. "The Study Abroad Advantage." Diverse: Issues In Higher Education 28.21 (2011): 25. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.
The economy can be clearly identified as the most beneficial aspect of tourism. “According to recent statistics, tourism provides about 10% of the world’s income and employs almost one tenth of the world’s workforce” (Mirbabayev, 2007). In Australia alone, Tourism contributed $87.3 billion in 2012, and employed 908,434 (7.9%) people (Kookana & Duc Pham, 2013). Tourism is “one of the most profitable and rapidly developing industries in the world” (Popushoi, 2004). Every year the number of tourists increase dramatically and consequently the revenues from tourism will increase substantially.
Tourism is the one of economic and social activities that increasingly vital. Number of travellers domestic and international is increasing. In fact, several countries in present world develop tourism sectors as primary sector which generate national income. According to Salah Wahab and Cooper (2003). Tourism is also sector which involves role that mutually link between government, private sector and also public.
In the more economically developed countries (MEDCs), synonymous mainly with the industrialised countries of the northern hemisphere there, has been an explosion in the growth of leisure and tourism industry, which is now believed to be the worlds second largest industry in terms of money generated. In order to differentiate between leisure and tourism it should be recognised that leisure often involves activities enjoyed during an individual’s free time, whereas tourism commonly refers to organised touring undertaken on a commercial basis. Development in the two areas could be attributed to changing patterns in working lives within the last four decades. Generally, people now have more disposable wealth, work shorter hours, receive longer, paid annual leave, retire earlier and have greater personal mobility. In addition, according to Marshall & Wood (1995), the growth of the tourist industry per se can be associated, in part, with the concentration of capital; the emergence of diversified leisure based companies, sometimes within wider corporate conglomerates and often associated with particular airlines. Furthermore, the development of tourism can generate employment both directly, in jobs created in the hotels, restaurants etc, and indirectly, through expenditure on goods and services in the local area. Nevertheless, although the tourist industry is competitive, which essentially keeps down the cost of foreign travel, the success of tourism in any one area can be ‘influenced by weather, changing consumer tastes, demographics, economic cycles, government policy, not to mention international terrorism and other forms of conflict.’(1) Although such factors may have a detrimental affect on the economy of a popular tourist destination (or even tourism in general, in light of September 11th 2001), the consequence of tourism in general is often three fold: environmental, social and cultural, which in turn has prompted a search for new ‘friendly’ approaches that are less destructive.