Paragraph 1 The lattice arrangement of crystal structure FeSo4, mainly its alpha-FeSO4 and beta-FeSO4 counterparts will be thoroughly discussed and elaborated in this paragraph. At a low temperature of 294k, the FeSO4 crystal structure exists as alpha-FeSo4 or commonly known as the alpha-phase can be observed to exhibit a tetrahedral arrangement. First order transition is defined when the unique crystal quartz of FeSo4 changes to an octahedral structure during high pressures and temperatures of 980K. During this phase of transition, the alpha-FeSO4 transforms and evolves to its counterpart beta-FeSO4. When temperature is increased during this phase, volume increases as well. Subsequently, this causes an increase of disorganisation and randomness …show more content…
Mathematically, the volume and the cell parameter is linearly co-related to the temperature. The thermal expansion coefficient can be interpreted from the data sheet which holds the value of alpha (K^-1) = 2.924 x 10^-5 +2.920 x 10^-10 (T-300)^2. One factor that contributes to thermal expansion is the angles variations caused by 2 Fe-O-P bridging angles and tilt angles within the bonds. This behaviour can be explained with the content as discussed earlier, which is, an increase in thermal energy, or temperature, will inevitably lead to an increasing disorder of the lattice arrangement. With reference to other crystal structures or alpha-quartz materials, alphaFeSO4 has the greatest angular vibrations within its bonds. Whereas for the beta-FeSo4, it is completely different in way that it does not follow thermal expansion due to inherently different behaviour of the Fe-O-P bond angles and tilt angles in the beta-phase. During the transition from alpha-phase to beta-phase, tilt angle, decrease at transition temperature (980K). The overall tilt angle and be expressed as the average of sum of tilt angles. In summary, FeSO4 is noted to not reciprocate the behaviour of other crystal structures or alpha/beta-quartz. Paragraph
In order to understand the controversy of fluoride, one must know the background . Fluoride is the ionic form of the element fluorine, an element abundant in the earth's crust (Borso 23). Fluoride is shown that is
It has a molar volume of 9.38 ×10-6 m3/mol. Molybdenum has an atomic weight of 95.94 amu. Its atomic number is 42. The atomic radius is 145 pm and the covalent radius is 145 pm also. Its electron configuration is [Kr]4d^5 5s^1.
The degree of destruction with respect to the beta quat structural type can be related to tetrahedral tilt angle delta and the intra-tetrahedral reaching angle theta. However, another condition, the delta value is greater than 22 degrees and theta value is less than 136 degrees. The alpha beta transition is not observed for most of the material. Yet, the structural property of FePO4 lie close above the limiting value. As an example of how FePO and PO angles and the length are actually changing as the temperature increases, FePO for the bond length in a tetrahedral bond angle, in a quartz type FePO4 as a structure, as a function of the temperature. As the temperature increase on 294 to 969, it is observed that FePO decrease in the length and subsequently, the angle of FePO2 is also smaller.This results in a change in the unit cell size, and the volume. It is in contrast to PO4, where there is an increase in temperature, resulting in compression, and subsequently the bond angle drops as well. This may be related to the overall tilt
The objective of this experiment was to identify a metal based on its specific heat using calorimetry. The unknown metals specific heat was measured in two different settings, room temperature water and cold water. Using two different temperatures of water would prove that the specific heat remained constant. The heated metal was placed into the two different water temperatures during two separate trials, and then the measurements were recorded. Through the measurements taken and plugged into the equation, two specific heats were found. Taking the two specific heats and averaging them, it was then that
As the temperature increases, the movements of molecules also increase. This is the kinetic theory. When the temperature is increased the particles gain more energy and therefore move around faster. This gives the particles more of a chance with other particles and with more force.
Iron comes from the Latin word ferrum. From ferrum its symbol became Fe. The atomic number of iron is 26, and its atomic weight is 55.845. Iron is a magnetic, bendable, shiny white metallic element.
different thing. THey compare in only one way. This is the fact that they both
• An increase in the temperature of the system will increase the rate of reaction. Again, using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution diagram, we can see how the temperature affects the reaction rate by seeing that an increase in temperature increases the average amount of energy of the reacting particles, thus giving more particles sufficient energy to react.
This is expressed as Δ +ve (delta positive). If the total energy put in is less than the energy created, then the substance warms up (it is exothermic). This is expressed as Δ -ve (delta negative). I will investigate eight different alcohols using an alcohol or spirit burner, to measure the energy change during burning by measuring the change in temperature of some water held in a container.
which is actually hot, like fire, makes something which is potentially hot, like wood, to
countless ways, but are also remarkably different. One example of a difference between them is
David and John Free. (26 Nov 2006). MadSci Network: Chemistry. Retrieved on March 6, 2011, from http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2007-02/1171045656.Ch.r.html
Thermodynamics is the branch of science concerned with the nature of heat and its conversion to any form of energy. In thermodynamics, both the thermodynamic system and its environment are considered. A thermodynamic system, in general, is defined by its volume, pressure, temperature, and chemical make-up. In general, the environment will contain heat sources with unlimited heat capacity, allowing it to give and receive heat without changing its temperature. Whenever the conditions change, the thermodynamic system will respond by changing its state; the temperature, volume, pressure, or chemical make-up will adjust accordingly in order to reach its original state of equilibrium.
From these properties of bonds we will see that there are two fundamental types of bonds--covalent and ionic. Covalent bonding represents a situation of about equal sharing of the electrons between nuclei in the bond. Covalent bonds are formed between atoms of approximately equal electronegativity. Because each atom has near equal pull for the electrons in the bond, the electrons are not completely transferred from one atom to another. When the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms in a bond is large, the more electronegative atom can strip an electron off of the less electronegative one to form a negatively charged anion and a positively charged cation. The two ions are held together in an ionic bond because the oppositely charged ions attract each other as described by Coulomb's Law.