3.3 COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)
Presentation:
COD is another measure of natural material defilement in water determined in mg/l. COD is the measure of broke down oxygen needed to bring about substance oxidation of the natural material in water. Both BOD and COD are key pointers of the natural soundness of a surface water supply. They are generally utilized as a part of waste water treatment however once in a while all in all water treatment.
Employments of reagent: (a) Standard potassium dichromate arrangement.
(b) Standard ferrous ammonium sulfate .25N.
Device: (a) Pipette
(b) Burette
(c) Conical flagon
Technique:
For Blank-B
• Take 10 ml test of River water in cone shaped jar and include 10 ml of Distilled water and
• Add 50 ml of refined water to above cup and warm the substance to around 50°C
• To break up the hasten.
• Titrate the freed H2SO4 against NaOH (N/50) utilizing phenolphthalein marker (2-3 drops).
Let V2 ml of N/50 NaOH arrangement gets devoured till end pt.
End point. Appearance of Permanent pink shading.
3.8 Total Hardness
Presentation
Water hardness is for the most part created by the vicinity of Ca2+ and Mg2+ particles show in water. Some other polyvalent particles like strontium, iron, aluminum, zinc and administrators and so forth additionally add to hardness. But since of their low fixation in common water, hardness is by and large measured as centralization of just calcium and magnesium particles.
Rule of EDTA titrations
The brisk, complete and 1:1 communication of metal particles with EDTA prompting the arrangement of stable complex is the premise of complexometric titrations.
System:
• Take 50 ml of waterway water test in conelike jar.
• Add 1ml of ammonium support hardness 4 drops of dark T.
• This arrangement is titrating with EDTA arrangement 0.02N.
• After that change shading of blue.
3.9
These strong are filterable in nature. It is characterized as endless supply of filterable example.
Prerequisite:
• Evaporating dish
• Water shower
• Oven
• Filter
• Desiccators
• Measuring barrel
• Crucible
• Pipette
System:
To quantify aggregate break down strong take a clean porcelain dish which has been washed and dried in a hot air broiler at 180°C for 60 minutes.
• Now measure the unfilled vanishing dish in explanatory equalization. That weight measured as B = 35.4328 g.
• Mix test well and fill a channel with channel paper. Channel give or take 80-100ml of test.
• Using pipette exchange 75 ml of unfiltered specimen in the porcelain dish.
• Switch on the stove and permitted to achieve 105°C.
• In hot air stove and consideration ought to be taken to forestall splattering of test amid dissipation or bubbling.
• Dry the specimen of get steady mass
The procedure of the lab on day one was to get a ring stand and clamp, then put the substance in the test tube. Then put the test tube in the clamp and then get a Bunsen burner. After that put the Bunsen burner underneath the test tube to heat it. The procedure of the lab for day two was almost exactly the same, except the substances that were used were different. The
How am I going to make it a fair test I will use a clean flask for
Plan 1. Collect 4 different sized beakers 2. Boil some water in the kettle 3. Pour 50ml into each beaker 4. After 1 minute check temperature 5.
The mixture was poured through a weight filter paper and Sucrose washed with a 5ml of dichloromethane. The resulting solid was left in a breaker to dry for one week, to be measured. Left it in the drawer to dry out for a week and weighted it to find the sucrose amount recovered amount.
Start with the hot water and first measure the temperature. Record it. 8. Then pour 40 ml into the beaker. You can measure how much water was used by looking at the meniscus.
5.) One at a time, place your test tubes in the water bath and heat the first test tube to 25 , the second to 50 , the third to 75, and the last to 100 degrees c. Remeber to stir with your stirring rod every so often.
The objective of this experiment is to study the continuous variations method that is used to determine the composition of the solution Ni2+ ethylenediamine complexes.
In a 100ml beaker place 50mls of water, measure the temperature of the water and record this initial temperature onto a table. Set the timer and add one teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate to the water, stir this continuously until the Ammonium Nitrate has dissolved.
Heat the contents of the pan over a low flame and bring it to a boil.
== § Test tubes X 11 § 0.10 molar dm -3 Copper (II) Sulphate solution § distilled water § egg albumen from 3 eggs. § Syringe X 12 § colorimeter § tripod § 100ml beaker § Bunsen burner § test tube holder § safety glasses § gloves § test tube pen § test tube method = == = =
1. Obtain a clean, dry crucible and lid, then heat them for approximately 5 minutes over a Bunsen burner
2. In the large beaker, put water and boil it completely. After that, remove the beaker from heat. 3. Sample tubes (A-D) should be labeled and capped tightly.
Add 5 g crushed nutmeg and 50 mL hexane-isopropanol into a flask and warm for 15 minutes.
The materials needed to conduct the lab include the sample (mixture of sand, salt, and iron filings), ring stand, two 100 mL beakers, funnel, filter paper, scoop, stirring rod, magnet, small and large watch glasses, lab burner, and a 250 mL collecting bottle. In order to complete the lab, one must take the mass of the large watch glass and record it. After doing so, pour the mixture onto the large watch glass. One must take the mass of the large glass plate with the mixture on top of it and record it. In order to find out the mass of the mixture, subtract the mass of the large watch glass with the mixture with the mass of the large watch glass. Next, one must take the mass of the small watch glass and record it. Take the magnet and collect all the iron filings and place the iron filings onto the small watch glass. Take the mass of the small watch glass with the iron filings and record it. In order to find out the mass of the iron filings, subtract
tube. Add 6 mL of 0.1M HCl to the first test tube, then 0.1M KMnO4 and