Analgesics "An aspirin a day keeps the doctor away." Although this saying can be true, it is not only aspirin that can cure the pains of life, but also several other types of analgesics. There are a wide variety of analgesics. More commonly known as painkillers. The narcotic analgesics act on the central nervous system and change the user's perception; they are more often used for severe pain and can make the user develop an addiction. The nonnarcotic analgesics, known as over the counter or OTC, work at the site of the pain. These do not create tolerance or dependence and do not vary the user's perception. OTC's are more commonly used everyday to treat mild pain. Many people wish to treat familiar pains themselves, such as toothache or headache pain. To treat these types of symptoms, OTC's are used. There are three main types of OTC drugs. They are as follows: ·Aspirin (salicylic acid acetate) is an anti-inflammatory (decreases swelling and inflammation), anti-pyretic (fever reducing), and anti-platelet (decreases platelets in the body to thin blood). Many heart treatment patients take an aspirin a day to prevent blood clotting. However, if aspirin is taken in large quantities over long periods of time, it may cause gastric ulcers or other internal damage. The molecular formula of aspirin is C9H8O4. Some examples of Aspirin are Bayer, Ecotrin, and Aspergum. ·Ibuprofen (propionic acid) is an anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic. It is often used to treat arthritis, dental pain, menstrual pain, headache, migraine, and back pain. Ibuprofen works by reducing the levels of prostaglandis (substances that cause pain) in the body. This drug is gentler on the stomach than aspirin. The molecular formula of ibuprofen is C13H18O2. Some examples of ibuprofen are Motrin, Advil, and Nuprin. ·Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is an alternative to aspirin. It is also an anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and anti-platelet. Acetaminophen is much less likely to cause intestinal side affects than aspirin, however overdose of this drug can cause serious liver poisoning. The molecular formula for acetaminophen is C8H9NO2. Some examples of Acetaminophen are Tylenol, Midol, and Panadol. Each of these OTC analgesics has different side affects and purposes, but they all share three common elements. These elements are Carbon (atomic number 6, atomic mass 12.011), Hydrogen (atomic number 1, atomic mass 1.0079) and Oxygen (atomic number 8, atomic mass 15.999). By looking at the molecular formulas of each type of OTC analgesic, these three common elements form the base for each chemical compound.
Ernesto Miranda from Phoenix, Arizona was a poor man. He was arrested due to circumstantial evidence from a woman that recognized him in a police lineup for violently assaulting her. A few short days later, Ernesto Miranda was charged with the rape and kidnapping of the woman. Once in police custody, he was interrogated for about an estimated time of two hours with no attorney present. The police officers that questioned him did not inform him of his Fifth Amendment rights in contrast to self incrimination and the Sixth Amendment right to have an attorney present in the mist of being questioned. During his interrogation, he orally confessed and also confessed in writing to the all crimes he was being charged with. In his written statement,
Showing that he makes personal decisions instead of political ones. He violated the McCulloh v. Maryland, showing that he did not follow interpretation of the law, ruled by Supreme Court. Jackson violated separation of powers through the destruction of the national bank. Although Jackson believed he would help the poor by terminating the national bank; he did violate the separation of powers. As stated in the McCulloh v. Maryland “the necessary and proper clause gave Congress the right to charter the bank and that if the states could tax the bank, they could also destroy it.” Jackson ultimately disregarded this court decision made by the Supreme Court that the national bank was constitutional. He also defies the Supreme Court by enforcing the Indian Removal Act seeing as he did not hold up their treaty with the Native Americans, denying the interpretation of the treaty. Jackson had no valid reason to kick the Native Americans out of the land they owned first. He forced them to move because of the color of their skin. He did not recognize the Native Americans as citizens and only wanted them out of it because he believed that the land belonged to the white people. He saw himself in a position that higher authority than Supreme Court, showing that he thought he was the president he could do as
Jackson believed that the National Bank system was corrupt and unjust, so it was justifiable to withdraw federal funds. The National Bank was only useful for the rich, which were a minority in the United States. As a representer of the entire country, he needed to ensure that all systems were in favor of the general people, not just the elite. He “destroyed” the national bank by vetoing the charter that was approved by the senate. When he vetoed the charter, he lost a few of his wealthy voters, but Jackson gained votes from the common people in the election of 1832 (King Andrew and the Bank). Then, Jackson withdrew federal funds and created pet banks. This was an attempt to help the common man become equal individual of the US. Jackson’s efforts failed because these banks raised the demand of paper money, leading to inflation and an unstable economy. Even though this idea resulted in an economic downfall, it was a neither a crime nor treasonous; it was merely a poor decision. Jackso...
Opioids are used as pain relievers and although it does the job, there are adverse side effects. Opioids are frequently used in the medical field, allowing doctors to overprescribe their patients. The substance can be very addicting to the dosage being prescribed to the patient. Doctors are commonly prescribing opioids for patients who have mild, moderate, and severe pain. As the pain becomes more severe for the patient, the doctor is more likely to increase the dosage. The increasing dosages of the narcotics become highly addicting. Opioids should not be prescribed as pain killers, due to their highly addictive chemical composition, the detrimental effects on opioid dependent patients, the body, and on future adolescents. Frequently doctors have become carless which causes an upsurge of opioids being overprescribed.
Energy drinks affect your body in ways people don’t think about. My experiment was created to find out what happens to your heart rate after putting an energy drink into your body. Some of the things I found by doing some research is that you can go to the hospital just for drinking an energy drink alone. Energy drinks contain more caffeine than what the label says. Based on this research a hypothesis was created. The hypothesis was, if you drink an energy drink, then your heart rate will increase due to the amount of caffeine it contains. This hypothesis made the most sense because caffeine has been labeled by doctors to not be the safest substance.
In the late 1800’s it was discovered that papa-amino-phenol, could reduce fever, but the drug was too toxic to use. A less toxic extract called phenacetin was later found to be just as effective but also had pain-relieving properties. In 1949, it was learned that phenacetin was metabolized into an active but also less toxic drug, acetaminophen. Since then, acetaminophen has been sold under many over the counter brand names, most popular being Tylenol.
While this list may appear to encompass a wide variety of medical issues, the common denominator is the same – relief of pain, symptoms and side effects of
Lenin’s pragmatic leadership was the most considerable factor in helping to fortify Bolshevik power. His willingness to take power in October/November 1917 and the successes of the move, through his right-hand man, Trotsky, was critical as it helped give him unquestioned authority within the party despite members of the Central Committee i.e. Zinoviev and Kamenev who suggested industrialisation needed to occur first. This highlighted Lenin’s communist ideology in practice which was essential to the Bolsheviks maintaining power. Following the failure of the Provisional Government, Lenin recognised that it was the Bolshevik’s priority to legitimise their government. As a result, issues of ‘Peace, Bread and Land’ were addressed through the issuing of a number of decrees in late 1917 including decrees on land, peace, Workers’ Rights as well as reforms to marriage and religion. ...
As a dictator Stalin was very strict about his policies, especially working. For instance. Stalin had set quotas very high , as they were very unrealistic. The workers had very long days, and under the rule of Stalin most people worked many hours in overtime, and resulting in no pay. Stalin treated workers very, very harshly. Those who did not work were exiled to Siberia or killed. Some may say you got what you deserved in Stalin’s time. Those who worked very hard for Stalin sometimes got bonuses such as trips, or goods likes televisions and refrigerators. The workers had to conform to Stalin’s policies . Stalin’s harsh treatment of workers received a very unwelcoming response, but in fact the liberal amount of goods that the workers had made, had in fact
Arizona, “Miranda was arrested at his home and taken in custody to a police station where he was identified by the complaining witness” (Facts and Case Summary-Miranda v. Arizona). He was found guilty of kidnapping and rape and was sentenced from 20 to30 years in prison, the Supreme Court of Arizona held that Miranda’s constitutional rights were not violated in obtaining the confession. The Court decided that “a defendant must be warned prior to any questioning that he has the right to remain silent, that anything he says can be used against him in a court of law, that he has the right to the presence of an attorney, and that if he cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed for him prior to any questioning if he so desires”(Facts and Case Summary-Miranda v. Arizona). This then began what is now known as “The Miranda Rights” which are told when someone is
Potent pain medication contains the aspects of utilizing medications such as morphine or demerol, how the medications are dispensed, and t...
Beverages containing caffeine, sugar and niacin (vitamin B12) can lead to serious health problems. According to caffeine informer, one of them is cardiac arrest. While caffeine calculator can show limitation of energy drinks, everyone does not follow this rule. Those with heart problems are at the high risk to face cardiac arrest after only small amount energy drinks. Next are headaches and migraines, excessive energy drinks can lead to extreme headaches from the caffeine withdrawal syndrome. Changing the amount of caffeine people ingest daily causes more frequent headaches. A very high amount of sugar is responsible for damage the insulin producing cells of the pancreas which leads to type II diabetes. Excessive consumption of energy drinks can also lead to vomiting and thus, causing dehydration and acid abrasion of teeth and oesophagus. They can also lead to hypertension. For those with normal blood pressure, this is not affecting, but those with previously increased blood pressure could be leading themselves at risk of cerebral vascular stroke and other problems related to high blood pressure, after consuming high amount of energy drinks. The American Heart Association (2017) showed that energy drinks causes a significant negative effect on blood pressure than drinks that contain caffeine alone as the active ingredient. In addition, niacin is placed in most energy
Background Information Aspirin is an analgesic (pain relieving) and an antipyretic drug (a drug that lowers body temperature). The main constituent of aspirin is 2 - ethanoythydroxybenzoic acid, also known as acetylsalicyclic acid (shown below right). It was originally made from just salicylic acid (which is found in the bark of a willow tree) when used by the Ancient Greeks to counter fever and pain, but its bitterness and tendency to irritate the stomach caused problems. These were resolved by the German chemist Felix Hoffman, who made the acetyl derivative of salicylic acid in the
Stalin took control over the farms and factories trying to “reorganize” the economy. However, it led to less production resulting in famine. Unrealistic quotas were set (Adams 5). He used collectivization, a policy of forced consolidation of individual peasant households onto collective farms. The use of collectivization led to many farmers death due to them protesting. Stalin’s overall goal for Soviet Union was to create an industrial power with all production under government control. Agriculture was bought under government control and forced peasants to live on group farms. The standards of living were poor during his rule (“Stalin’s Economic Policies” 1).