An investigation to determine which of four alcohols is the most exothermic
Prediction
I predict that the most heat given out per mole burned would be by
Propanol because the size of the alcohol molecules might increase with heat. Alcohols produce heat when they burn in oxygen or air. The amount of heat produced per mole of alcohol will be proportional to the amount of air present. Full combustion should generate two products only: carbon dioxide and water vapour.
Hypothesis
Within a molecule there are bond energies that are holding the atoms together. When the fuel combusts a chemical reaction takes place, this breaks the bonds, this requires energy, and makes new bonds this gives out energy. The energy differences between the two tell us how much energy was given out or taken in. We can show this on a graph. Alcohol particles will break their bonds when they mix with oxygen. This is known as exothermic reaction. Boiling points will be increased because energy is needed bonds can be formed and broken. Breaking bonds need less energy than is needed to form bonds - exothermic reaction. Bigger molecules use high energy to be broken. Methanol and Ethanol have differences as Methanol melts at a higher temperature and boils at a lower temperature than Ethanol. Higher alcohols which include Butanol and Propanol have a higher molecular weight and this is why Butanol is used in perfumes. Ethanol, which is sugar based, with its low freezing point, has a specific use as antifreeze for cars and other vehicles.
GRAPH
Tripod Matches Goggles
Method: - To begin with, I choose one out of the four different alcohols. I weigh beforehand in the spirit burner. This is so I can calculate the mass which is lost in each alcohol. The spirit burner and alcohol which I am using is on a brick under a tripod. On the tripod I place a clay pipe triangle which holds a beaker containing
100ml of water. I light the spirit burner and stir the water with the thermometer constantly. When the temperature has risen to 30ºC, I quickly place the top back on the spirit burner. Now I re-weigh the alcohol. o find out how much alcohol has been burned I subtract the finishing mass from the starting mass.
Fair Test
I will try my best to keep this experiment fair. All the variables must be controlled. These are as follows -
The scale reading has to be on zero before weighing the spirit burner
3. Fill up the 50 milliliter beakers all the way up with deionized water. After, use your scopula to scoop out a small portion of one substance and put in into your beaker. Then put your hot plate onto medium temperature and rest the mixture onto the plate.
Music has long been an expression of people from different cultures around the world. Music has been present since the dawn of man. Archaeologists in recent years have uncovered age old music instruments made by early modern humans. Music can influence the way we act, dress, talk, dance, or socialize. Music can be inspiring and uplifting if we are going through a difficult time in our life. The same can be argued with musical styles that reflect use of drugs or promote violence. With this being said, have you ever wondered in what ways music and radio has shaped the American culture and its values?
The energy of a body or a system with respect to the motion of the body or of the particles in the system
It is well recognized that rock songs often express the issues society faces in regards to defying convention. When you analyze the lyrics, these artists are portraying a storyline that most listeners can relate to, due to previous or current experiences. For example, Suicidal Tendencies “Institutionalized”, tells a story that all individuals can relate to, considering we all went through those gruesome teenage years.
1.When something gives us energy it fuels our body to do certain activities. The biochemistry definition of energy is the strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity.
When something gives us energy, it means more than to just give us the required power to work or move along for such a specific task. In biological terms, it means to have your energy be transported through your body and placed by cells into biomolecules. Biomolecules such as lipids and carbohydrates. It then stores that energy in our body.
Investigating Factors Affecting the Heat of Combustion of Alcohols PLANNING SECTION Introduction ------------ Alcohols are organic substances, and consist of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon. All alcohols are toxic but the amount that can be tolerated by the human body varies for different alcohols. For example drinking small amounts of Methanol can lead to blindness and even death.
The link between the number of carbon atoms in a fuel with the amount of energy it releases. Alcohols generally belong to compounds whose molecules are based on chains of carbon atoms. They usually contain one oxygen atom, which is joined to a carbon atom by a singular bond. This makes them different from other compounds.
Energy conversions are a transformation from one energy to another energy. For roller coasters as you ascend the slope preparing for the intense drop...the energy is converting from potential energy to kinetic energy. But the energy is never gained or declined. as you descend the drop the potential energy level decreases at the same rate the kinetic energy increases. The relation between energy and
The music is written by artists who have also been through a lot, they express their emotions in their music. Some of the artists are; Kanye West, Tupac, Drake, Nicki Minaj & Rihanna. People have probably heard the music but they probably haven't heard the emotion and the person behind the music itself? Let's put it in this way, the artist people listen to depends on how they are feeling. Someone whose sad or emotional may listen to Drake while someone whose in anger will listen to Kanye or Tupac. Someone who wants to listen to something upbeat may listen to Nicki Minaj or Rihanna. Each artists has their own way of producing rap and hip hop, the darker the past the more aggression in the music or the more meaningful the lyrics. All of them
Pop culture is the modern lifestyle which is countenanced and recognized by society, the cultural patterns that are common within a population. The general opinion is that pop culture is a useful expression of society and the prevailing environment, as pop culture is the culture which is followed by the majority, and therefore reflects society.
The transfer of energy and nutrient (food) from organism to organism in a feeding pathway is known as ……………………………..
Energy is a property of matter which can be transferred to other matters or transformed into different forms, although it cannot be created or destroyed. A common definition of energy is that it is the ability to do work. Work is the transfer of energy. Work is done on an object when energy is transferred to that object. If one object transfers energy to another object then the first object does work on the second object. Work is when a force is applied over a distance. To calculate work, find the dot product of an object’s displacement and the force applied. In SI units, energy is measured in joules (“Work, Energy and Power”, 2015).
In order for a system to gain energy the surroundings have to supply it, and visa versa when the system looses energy the surroundings must gain it. As the energy is transferred it can be converted form its original form to another as the transfer takes place, but the energy will never be created or destroyed. The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, basically restates that energy can’t be destroyed or created “as follows: the total energy of the universe is a constant.” All around the conservation of energy is applied. When gasoline burns in the engine of a car, an equal amount of work and heat appear as the energy is released. The heat from the engine warms its surroundings, the cars parts, the air, and the passenger area. The heat energy is converted into the electrical energy of the radio, chemical energy of the battery, and radiant energy of the lights. The change in the sum of all of the energies formed from the burnt gasoline would be equal to the “…change in energy between the reactants and products.” Biological processes, like photosynthesis, also follow energy conservation. The green plants convert the radiant energy emitted by the Sun into useful chemical energy, such as the oxygen that we breathe. The energy transferred between any surroundings and any system can be in the form of various types of work, chemical, mechanical, radiant, electrical, or heat.
Many rappers write songs about gang violence and struggling in areas of poverty. In some cases this is a way for the artist to vent or use music as a way to express their own emotions and experiences. Rap has also been known to be a method of preaching and educating youth. Music is a powerful tool and those who use it in a positive way can affect people in a positive way.