After World War II American intelligence had the need to be transformed. The inexperience along with bureaucracy and poor coordination among American intelligence officers obligated the United States intelligence community to change dramatically in order to confront the new challenges that emerged after the end of WWII. From Early America through WWI the intelligence system of the United States of America was involved in operations in which they had to construct intelligence systems virtually from scratch (Andrew 1995). Human intelligence was already developed, but with certain limitations and other intelligence disciplines were underdeveloped and very seldom sophisticated. After WWI America recessed and settled in a period of peace. The United States faced no threat to its security from its neighbors, from powers outside of the Western Hemisphere (Lowenthal 2006). That caused a visible absence of intelligence activities, leaving America out of sight for any international conflicts; the United States of America focused and limited its activities beyond its own borders. In later years the Japanese attack to Pearl Harbor, America rushed to reactivate their military forces, moving from a passive country to full participation into a another international conflict; WWII. As a consequence, the United States engaged in activities that improved its intelligence system increasing its capabilities needed to address seriously the future threats of the Cold War. For the American intelligence community, George Washington is considered the father of intelligence. The introduction of the intelligence concept and its application in some missions during the early days of America helped America’s Founding Fathers to succeed against t... ... middle of paper ... ...lins Publisher, 1995. donmar.org. The Growth of American Intelligence Between Wars. http://donmar.org/6911rgm/crypto.htm (accessed Mar 5, 2011). Erickson, Ryan. History of U.S. Intelligence: Revolution-WWI. Nov 10, 2008. http://ryanerickson.com/2008/11/10/history-of-u-s-intelligence-revolution-wwi/ (accessed Mar 02, 2011). Hughes-Wilson, John. Military Intelligence Blunders and Cover-Ups. New York: Carrol & Graff Publishers, 1994. Lowenthal, Mark M. Intelligence. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2006. McCormick, James M. American Foreign Policy. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2010. Prados, John. Safe for Democracy The Secret Wars of the CIA. Chicago, IL: Ivan R Dee, Publisher, 2006. Richelson, Jeffrey T. The US Intelligence ommunity. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2008. Schmitt, Abraham N. Shulsky Gary J. Silent Warfare. Dulles, VA: Potomac Books, Inc., 2002.
Guilford, CT: Dushkin/ McGraw-Hill, 1997. Chiatkin, Anton. A. Treason in America. Washington DC: Executive Intelligence. Review, a review of the book, Divine, Breen, Frederickson, and Williams. America Past and Present.
Sulick, Michael J.. Spying in America espionage from the Revolutionary War to the dawn of the Cold War., Georgetown University Press, 2012
After the Second World War, America came out of the war with the responsibility of being the “superpower” of the world. In the past America would never get involved in foreign affairs however after World War Two things had changed. Since America was considered the most powerful natio...
John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr, and Alexander Vassiliev deciphered KGB documents in order to present ideas about Soviet espionage in the U.S. during the time of the Cold War. This book covered the basic tactics and drive behind Americans who spied for the Soviet Union. This source concentrated on uncovering the unexpected U.S. spies on the Soviet’s side and the rise and fall of the KGB due to the penetration of America’s government during the Cold War.
Weiner, Tim. Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA. New York: Doubleday, 2007. Print.
Tiedemann, Joseph S. "Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring." The Journal of Southern History 73.3 (2007): 685-6. ProQuest. Web. 30 Mar. 2016.
The National Security Act of 1947 created the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). President Truman’s vision of the CIA was a peacetime intelligence agency that provided early warnings in the event of an attack. After President Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947, a loophole was found. The National Security Act “instructed the CIA to correlate, evaluate, and disseminate intelligence and to perform ‘other functions and duties related to intelligence affecting the national security’ ” (Weiner 2007). The CIA used this wording of ‘other functions’ to conduct secret operations overseas and to practice cloak and dagger methods in obtaining intelligence. Since its establishment over sixty years ago, the CIA’s implementation of cloak and dagger intelligence gathering has evolved to developing a componen...
Kross, Peter. The. The “George Washington: America’s First Spy Master”. Military Intelligence, Jan-Mar 1991, Vol. 17, Issue 1, p. 6.
?Espionage.? 2000-2004. The War to End All Wars. Michael Duffy. Original Material. Primary Documents Online.
The United States has involved itself in several covert operations throughout the nation’s short history. Operations, like the Iran-Contra Affair, and the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) role in Afghanistan are just two examples of these types of secret government missions, which have become divulged to the American public. Both of these operations occurred under President Regan, who listed strict executive goals to fight the Soviet social influence, Communism, from spreading across the world. Moreover, other similarities are observed between the two covert missions, like providing armaments and training to foreign rebel forces (National Security Archive 2006, Johnson 2011). Moreover, different agencies were used in the missions for distinct
Congress’s answer to the problems set forth in the commission’s report was to expand the intelligence community to private contractors to fulfill the war time need for more intelligence. When this occurred ...
As mentioned before, it seems that intelligence and policy cannot live with and without each other (Betts, 2002). The intelligence community and policymakers need to ...
Thomas, G. (2009). Secret wars: One Hundred years of British Intelligence Inside MI5 and MI6. New York: St Martin's Press
In 1949 the Central Intelligence Act was passed. This new act ensured that the CIA would not be obligated to disclose the names and number of personnel employed nor their functions, official titles or salaries. In addition, the CIA director wo...
Hulnick, A. ‘What’s wrong with the intelligence cycle’, Intelligence and National Security Journal, Routledge Publications, Volume 21, Issue 6, dated 1 December, 2006, pp 961.