Results: Figure 4.1 (above): 4X magnification (taken above the light source) light microscope image of a late gestation period mouse embryo, stained with Haematoxylin/Eosin and Alcian Blue
Figure 4.1 depicts the macro section of a mouse embryo, the Alcian Blue stain indicates that there is connective tissue present. The Nasal cartilages is supposedly made up of Hyaline cartilage, however the staining method and its appearance, is hinted towards elastic cartilage. Although not visible or past the visible stage, Neural stem cells would have been present for the brain development, alongside Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage and bone development (Alcian Blue stain).
Figure 4.2 (left): 10X magnification light microscope image of a late gestation period mouse embryo, stained with Haematoxylin/Eosin and Alcian Blue.
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Within the ear canal, there appears to be a blood vessel present, which is stained in red. Coincidentally and potentially, due to a blood vessel being present next to the ear canal, the calcification of the ear cartilage may be due to vessel derived stem cells (6). The Alcian Blue stain highlights the chondrocytes that are in the process of calcification.
Figure 4.3 (above): 40X magnification light microscope image of a late gestation period mouse embryo, stained with Haematoxylin/Eosin and Alcian Blue.
Figure 4.3 depicts the ossification and calcification activity of the nasal cartilage. It could potentially be calcified chondrocytes or chondrocytes lacunae that have not yet calcified. There may be presence of Mesenchymal stem cells or vessel derived stem cells due to a blood vessel being developed near the nose cavity, which differentiate into chondrocytes
Stem cells are pluripotent cells of the body which are “undifferentiated.” This means that stem cells can ultimately give rise to any type of body tissue. Thus stem cells have the potential to cure a vast number of diseases and physical ailments including Parkinson’s, diabetes, spinal cord injury, and heart disease. Consequently, stem cell research and the development of associated medical applications are of great interest to the scientific and medical community. The area of stem cell research involving human embryonic stem cells is of particular interest in that embryonic stem cells are derived from week-old blastocysts developed from in vitro fertilized eggs. As opposed to adult stem cells, which must undergo a complicated process of de-differen...
Creating just the right effect can be difficult if not impossible without many of the tricks employed by today’s directors and special effects artists. Once the exclusive domain of Hollywood, blue screen imaging is fast becoming a readily accessible visual tool for today’s vidographer. It is hard to imagine movies like Jurassic Park without its dinosaurs or the Matrix without it’s impressive visual effects. But many effects like these could not be completed without effective blue screen techniques.
The nose is divided into the right and left cavities and is lined with tiny hairs and mucous membrane, which secretes a sticky fluid, called mucus, which helps prevent dust and bacteria from entering the lungs. The nose moistens, warms and filters the air and is an organ, which senses smell. The naso-pharynx is the upper part of the nasal cavity behind the nose, and is lined with mucous membrane. The naso-pharynx continues to filter, warm and moisten the incoming air.
Gathering Blue by Lois Lowry – Review Gathering Blue (2000) by Lois Lowry is one of the 4 books in The Giver Quartet, which all are in the dystopian genre. This book is about the journey from having nothing, no family, no house, no hope of survival, to having everything, food, water, and a safe place. The focus of this book is actually the process of attempting to find a way to dye blue into threads, to attempt to repair and complete the singer’s robe. Gathering Blue is different because of the depth of inferring that is used to create a feeling that the reader is interpreting the storyline. Gathering Blue begins with Kira, the protagonist, guarding her mother’s body, Katrina, for 4 days, and then seeing her spirit leave her body.
"Pregnancy Fetal Development." Stages of Fetal Development. Professional Planets, 1999. Web. 13 Oct 2011. .
The first neural induction in amphibian embryos has given the Nobel Prize in Medicine award to Hans Spemann in 1935 for his “Spemann-Mangold organizer” paper. The discovery with her student Hilde Mangold leads to establishment of a neuroectodermal primordium from where the nervous system arise involving induction of chemicals such as the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and WNT signalling, together with inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP) signalling activity to promotes neuron development. Spemann’s study has successfully identified a morphologically distinct cluster of mesodermal cell located in dorsal lip of blastophore known as ‘organizer’ which has the potential in neural induction. BMP will trigger neural induction and are formed during the gastrulation in vertebrate embryo which is secreted by ventral gastrula signalling centre (Spermann H, Mangold H, 1924). In a normal mechanism BMP binds with receptor on ectoderm cell to form epidermis. However, by inhibiting BMP, ectoderm cells will differentiate to form the neurons cells without the presence of neural inducers t...
Sadler, T. W., and Jan Langman. Langman's Medical Embryology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. Print.
The merger of two germinal cells, one being a sperm cell and the other being an egg cell, is complete within twelve hours, at which time the egg is fertilized and becomes a zygote containing forty six chromosomes required to create a new human life. It is during this remarkable process when conception occurs. Conception confirms life and makes that undeveloped human one of a kind (Rorvik & Shettles, 1983, p. 16). Many researchers, as well as scientists, identify the first moments of life as the instant when a sperm cell unites with an ovum, o...
Photosynthetic pigments are essential for life because they allow photosynthesis to occur by capturing sunlight which is then used alongside carbon dioxide and water to form organic compounds such as glucose and oxygen. The pigments allow the conversion of light energy to chemical energy which other organisms can benefit from. Oxygen is utilised by other organisms in aerobic respiration. The different pigments present in the chloroplasts allow a wide variety of wavelengths of light to be absorbed for efficient photosynthesis and provide colours to the plant to attract pollinators.
The first period, the germinal period, is classified as the first two weeks after conception, that is identified by how fast cells divide and differentiate. During this phase a zygote duplicates. After that differentiation begins, this is where early cells take on their own characteristics and move to their predetermined locations. Once that is complete a cell mass will then become either a placenta or a nucleus, together they will become the embryo. The second period is called the embryonic period. This. Is this stage of development that occurs during the third to the eighth week after conception. During this phase, the basic structural forms of the baby's body appear. At the beginning of this period a line (the primitive streak) appears turning into the neural tube, and eventually turning into the central nervous system. in the fourth week eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and minuscule blood vessels (becoming the heart) begin to appear. Between the fifth week and the end of the embryonic period arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers, and toes appear. The final stage, the
The process of ectogenesis can be traced back to the first test tube baby or “in vitro fertilization” (IVF). Experiments started by Dr. Helen Hung-Ching Liu, the actual formation of an artificial womb to see if it could be created and still theoretically be life-sustainable. The next experiment was by Dr. Yoshinori Kuwabara, who went as far to
The nose is where the sense of smell originates. There are two entrances that allow air to enter the nose called nostrils. They are separated by a wall made of bone and cartilage
“Albinism is an inherited genetic condition that reduces the amount of melanin pigment formed in the skin, hair and/or eyes. Albinism occurs in all racial and ethnic groups throughout the world.” (By VolunteeringSupport NOAHBowl-A-ThonNOAH n.d.). The majority of kids born with albinism have both parents with normal pigmentation of their skin, normal eyes, and their normal hair color. You may have beard a myth that is common to people with albinism of having red eyes, that is just the myth.
The course of prenatal development normally initiates with fertilization and ends with birth, lasting 38 to 40 weeks of gestation. It can be separated into three phases: germinal, embryonic, and fetal. The first two weeks after conception the germinal stage of prenatal development takes place. During this stage, a group of cells,
"Embryonic stem cells are derived from a four- or five-day-old human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of development."(source). Before the embryonic stem is produced, the fertilized egg, a zygote, starts to multiply it's cells. Once the group of cells is set in the uterus, it becomes a blastocyst. The blastocyst consists of an inner and outer mass. The outer mass, the