There were masses of ethnic and cultural conflicts under Akbar’s reign. Akbar’s strategy was to introduce ethnic groups into nobility. Akbar decreased the religious element of taxation. In 1563 he abolished the tax on Hindu and in 1562 he also removed the jizya (the tax on property imposed on non-Muslims). Ethnic violence was present all around India for ages. India is divided into smaller states ruled by tribal chiefs and Lords. Akbar needed to build a formal relationship with these tribal leaders and even though he knew they are not a threat to the Mughal Dynasty, he needed to defend his empire from the rebels that could rise from these tribal areas. Ethnic groups like the Marathas from central India became major problems for Akbar’s crown descendants. They were rebellious and even conquered a major piece of Mughal Dynasty during the seventeenth century. Akbar tried to unite his empire by making a fair and just system. He did not like to involve in religious matters like his descendants and ancestors did, but he did like to ‘unify’ his Empire under religious, Ethnic and cultural matters. (10)
Unfortunately, according to some ancient traveler reports, under Akbar’s rule the Indian peasants continued to live in poverty, while the aristocrats and nobles became extremely wealthy. He introduced new methods of agriculture and taxations, but it didn’t affect the lower class of the population. On the other hand, during his rule poets, writers, painters and musicians were on the rise. Akbar himself was an admirer of art and used to initiate workshops for the production of luxury textiles and ornaments. The great period of Mughal painting and Mughal style architecture began during Akbar's reign. The first buildings were erected in Agra. H...
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...es his reforms became rather more controversial like banning the slaughter of animals (Muslim ritual for Eid-ul-Adha) or introduction of his own religion Din-i-Ilahi. Regardless, in the subcontinent he is known as one of the greatest emperor ever ruled and his accomplishments overshadows his losses. His empire, by the time he died, extended to northern Afghanistan, western Sind, Eastern Bengal, and the south of Godavari River. After Akbar’s death, Jahangir succeeded the throne and continued his father’s legacy enthusiastically. Akbar’s grandsons and later emperors continued to adopt Akbar’s policies and legacy. Even today, the subcontinent has a very heavy influence of Akbar’s regime and his policies. His un-biased policies made everyone to accept him as their ruler and those policies are the one still being applied to modern society especially in the subcontinent.
Akbar was considered the best of the Mughal rulers partly because of his tolerance of all religions. Akbar did his best to unify the Hindus and Muslims by giving both religions positions in the government. Traditionally, only Muslims would could be rulers zamindars while most of the population was Hindu. Akbar also married women of both religions, as an attempt to unify Hindus and Muslims. Akbar himself was interested in religions, inviting different people to discuss other religions with him. Akbar's greatest impact in trying to unite the Hindus and Muslims was creating the Divine Faith religion, but most people did not convert. When Akbar died, the following rulers did not support the same religious tolerance policy that he had. Aurangzeb tried to rid the empire of all Hindu. This caused revolts from both Hindus and Muslims, which created a period of instability allowing Europeans to come and take
East Asia from 1450-1750, including China, Japan, and Ming China, used many different strategies for empire and state building including taking voyages around the world to get ideas for their empire, having a good educational system and a strong, powerful government, including women in schooling and political events, having different views on religious freedoms and having a tough military.
...hat sometimes some ethnic groups didn’t share the same ideas with other people and that lead to fights and violence with the purpose of become the leader.
Imagine being the richest man in North Africa. Mansa Musa was not only this but a ruler and a very religious muslim. Mansa Musa was a very rich African emperor who walked all the way from his Kingdom of Mali to Cairo then eventually to Mecca with the goal to follow his religious guidelines of giving away 2.5 percent of his whole wealth and completing his holy pilgrimage.
Thousands of years ago, Indian society developed into a complex system based on different classes. This system was known as the Caste System. It separated Indians into different castes based on what class were born into. As thousands of years went by, this system grew larger and became further complex (Wadley 189). This system caused frustration for the Indian citizens because they were receiving inequality. Not only did the inequality and separation of the Indian society frustrate the citizens of India, but the imperialism Britain had upon them as well. In the early 20th century, Indian nationalists wanted to take a stand against the British rule and make India independent. The British created unfair laws that created a nationalist movement
In the 1904 elections for president Theodore Roosevelt ran for reelection in 1904 and in his campaign for presidency and during this he stated that he had worked in the anthracite coal strike to provide everyone with a square deal. The first main target of that Roosevelt had after him winning the presidency again was to take on the railroad industry. Earlier on before Roosevelt's presidency, in 1887 there was the Interstate Commerce Commission that had been used to try to regulate the railroad industry, but ultimately it didn't succeed very much because the courts limited the influence that it could have. Then in 1906 during Roosevelt's mission in creating a square deal for all he created the Hepburn Act that sought to give more regulatory
The artist used the materials and the overall theme of the art work to convey the message that, the Mughal king is braver, powerful, and wealthy. In particular, the use of gold by the artist, to draw the borders, the king’s turban, and the king’s armor, is to draw attention toward the king’s wealth. The artist depicted the slaying of a lion by king in the wild, is to show his bravery. The use of elephant, horses, and men power by the artist in the painting is to illustrate to the viewer the power of the king.
In the 1300s Mansa Musa, king of Mali took his holy pilgrimage to the city of Mecca as a devout muslim, traveling through scorching deserts and bustling cities, although there might be other reasons he took his religious Hajj. The pilgrimage of Mansa Musa traveled all across Northern Africa and Arabia, stopping in cities along the way where Mansa Musa gave out gold to all he saw. The journey from the Empire of Mali to the city of Mecca was not only a faithful religious journey to the holy city, but also to create a name for Mali as the wealthy and powerful empire it was.
After the British empire separated itself from India, inner-country religious problems began to arise. The Muslims and Hindus of the liberated India released their pent up anger on each other and combusted into civil war right after they won the peaceful war against Great Britain. This war distressed Gandhi, who has insight into the unity of mankind, and encouraged him to go on a hunger strike until the brutality ceased. While on his near-death bed, he is approached by a Hindu who “killed a child” because the Muslims “killed [his] son,” and in response, Gandhi said that the way out of his “Hell is to “Find a [Muslim] child, a child whose mother and father have been killed and raise him as your own,” therefore the man would be able to see the equality in all religions. Throughout his entire life, Gandhi, though a Hindu, never prosecuted anyone for their religion and was able to see through everyone’s eyes as fellow brother’s and sisters, not enemies. This ability to empathize and recognize the general unity of the human population allowed Gandhi insight into the human
The Mauryan Empire was a very intriguing empire, with rulers of different beliefs and ways of ruling, as well as antithetical ways that the rulers gained and maintained their power. Important events occurred during this period of time that affected future generations. The Empire’s people mainly had a Buddhist religion. The people of the Mauryan Empire contributed greatly to the fields of art, and architecture. The Mauryan Empire was very important to India’s way of life.
During the British rule in India the conflict had decreased to communities' level and the state was secular and chiefly unreliable and the use of sectarian was imperfect to the reason of self-identification Sunni-Shia conflict. The state was unbiased and had nonsectarian memo (Feyyaz 2011). In Sultanate rule in India (1206-1526), The Mughals were all Sunni affiliation except Humayun. During Humayun rule the influence of Shiaism spread drastically in the Southern India. The Muslims themselves only for worldly interest demoralized the Shia-Sunni variances in such a way that the 1300 years old quarrel was recalled (Iqbql
Gandhi is motivated by religious means; he believes that everyone is equal in God’s eyes. He gets involved in several movements for equality, and he stresses non-violence very strongly. The Indians are very mad because British rule continues to limit their rights. They are supposed to all get fingerprinted, and their marriage laws are invalid. Gandhi’s followers vow to fight their oppressors to the death, but he discourages them from violence.
...tween the Hindus and Muslims, Jinnah felt that Muslims had no future in India (Overfield 216). With the end of British rule in 1947, not only did India gain its independence but also along with it was born an other country, Pakistan where Jinnah served as the first governor (Overfield 216). With the gain of India’s independence, Gandhi was shot the following year in 1948 by a Hindu zealot who resented his commitment to Hindu – Muslim harmony (Overfield 212).
The Mughal era, that of an empire filled with incredible wealth and prosperity. Generous patron of the arts, through its influence a huge and diverse culture sprang forth, the product of Indo-Islamic relations throughout the kingdom this culture remains the Mughals legacy. To this day the unique influence of the Mughals on North Indian culture remains present in every aspect of life, from religion, dance, music, art to science and the practices of everyday life.
What were the contribution of the Mughal emperor Akbar to the creation of an Indian national Identity? What were the greatest obstacles to his achievement in this?