Introduction
Human security is a key concept in the modern day political arena. For some it may be that the best way to describe human security is to refer to it as constant human development (Naidoo 2001:7). Booth explains that it is sometimes the very state people live in that is a threat to their security, rather than other states that wage wars and create conflict (as cited by Naidoo 2001:2). This leads to states being challenged in terms of their effectiveness and adequacy to supply the needs of their people to ensure them security, whether it is a matter of life and death or development and provision (Naidoo 2001:2)
Tieku(2007) links the term, human security, with the institution, the African Union. The African Union(AU) was formally launched on 26 May 2001 (Tieku 2007: 27). The AU is a regional organisation that has several functions(to be discussed later), which includes human security(Turner 2013:58). Tieku(2007:27) focusses on how the African Union articulates human security on its agenda and improves human security across Africa. Tieku(2007:27) also looks at the effect and importance of Pan-Africanism and leadership within the AU, on human security.
Research theme and main theoretical perspective
This article by Tieku (2007:26) focuses on human security. Human security revolves around the safety of humans and safeguarding their communities, focusing on protecting them and not so much the state they live in (Tieku 2007:27). It is the idea of security, focussed on mankind, which is placed above any other concept of security (Bajpai 2013:1).
The research theme is the main ‘problem’ stated which is taken and expanded on, this is described by Leedy & Ormrod (2014:31) as the heart of the research...
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... J. Pretoria, South Africa: Institute for Security Studies.
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In this section, I will provide a brief history of U.S. military involvement on the African continent, starting with the Barbary Wars and working up through the current date. This historical documentation will highlight the change in the role the United States has played in Africa [post 9-11???]. Prior to 9-11, the United States’ interactions were mainly [capture summary here]. Since [?], however, the continent has faced a marked increase in violent extremism and terrorism leading the United States to partner with many African nations in counterterrorism initiatives. These, and other initiatives, mean an increasing number U.S. service members are deploying to Africa to take part in training, humanitarian issues and military operations. These military activities are run by United States African Command, a recently created combatant command.
In order to keep a safe society, it is important to establish a nation with
Bristol, Nellie. “Foreign Aid and National Security.” CQ Researcher by CQ Press. SAGE Publications, 17 June 2011. Web. 20 Feb. 2014.
This article hasn’t provided an introduction; however a lengthy summary of the study which identifies the problem, purpose and rationale for the research study has been provided in the background. The introduction should give the reader a general sense of what the document is about, and preferably persuade the reader to continue reading. This prepares the reader for reading the rest of the document (Burns & Grove, 2001 p.636; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002).
Security Studies are a sub-field of two wider disciplines, Military Studies and International Relations. This thesis is focused to bring a new perspective to security, a feminist insight both in the field of security studies and applied to a specific region, but first, in order to clarify the concept of security the scope of security and the instruments that ensure it will be discussed.
Webster’s Desk Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Portland House. 1990. Dictionary. Page 602
African governments have given in to the whim’s of international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) in social and health policies, and with this, has come a shift away from former emphasis on social justice and equitable market efficiency to public health services for all now being perceived as a major threat ...
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Williams, Robert E. "From Malabo to Malibu: Addressing Corruption and Human Rights Abuse in an African Petrostate." Human Rights Quarterly 33.3 (2011): 620,648,925. ProQuest. Web. 10 Oct. 2013.
Africa has battled the slave trade and the loss of so many of her valuable children. Africa has battled colonization of her land and the exploitation of her vast resources. The continent has come out of these battles beaten down and shaken up but still standing. With the help of Wangari Maathai’s “The Challenge For Africa” I hope to point out how Africa and its nation states can raise themselves to new levels of greatness, fight off the ills of neo-colonialism and achieve this beautiful dream of Nelson
This essay will discuss the successes and challenges faced by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in prosecuting human rights violations cases in Africa. The ICC has been recently put under the spotlight by the African Union when it called for non-cooperation by its member states not to comply with the warrant of arrests that had been issued by the ICC against some of the leaders in Africa. This has created difficulties when it comes to prosecution of international crimes. The Court is also facing allegations of being Anti African. This mini dissertation will further look at some of the major cases that have been prosecuted in the ICC against African leaders. Furthermore, this mini dissertation will examine the obligations of states to cooperate with the ICC and the issue of state immunity from prosecution. The African Union has accused the ICC of targeting African leaders and for being inconsistent with how the ICC deals with alleged human rights violations.
...hat this is the era of accountability and transparency in the running of governmental affairs, the current generation of Africans is enlightened and empowered, and are capable of asking questions about their actions.
The definition of national security differs from states to states and institutions to institutions. According to Hans Morgenthau, national security is defined as the integrity of the national territory and its institutions”. In the national security, security is not only in terms of military securing the borders but also secure the human, culture and politics within the limited boundaries of the state. In many countries, national security is defined as the protection of the constitutional
...principle was stressed on the individual, establishing the rights of life, autonomy, and protection (“Human Rights”). These constitutional rights impacted individuals as they could live without fear knowing that they are secure (“Human Rights”). The next principle impacted groups and prevented these groups from the cruelty of others (“Human Rights”). The notion of human rights will require profound involvement of the United Nations as the 21st century approaches. Currently there are many dictators who are not following the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They have denied people of their lives, their liberty, and their capability to upkeep themselves. The United Nations will have to update their system of enforcement to ensure that human rights are met.
The African Union (AU) was created in May 2001 in Addis Ababa and was unveiled in July 2002 in South Africa by the former president Thabo Mbeki. The profession of the African Union (AU) is to make crucial assessments regarding the African continent. The decision making body is known as the “Assembly of the African Union” with its head of states or government meeting annually to discuss matters affecting Africa. The conversion of the Organization of African Unions (OAU) to the African Union (AU) is believed to have Africa working towards its second liberation. (Turnbill, 2004:5)