Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance of hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal. Access to sanitation has been recognized by the UN as a human right, a basic service required to live a normal life. The toilets and other sanitation facilities secure a healthy school environment and protect children’s from illness and exclusion. It also promotes healthy physical learning environment. The children’s who are healthy and well-nourished can fully participate in school and can get all the advantages from the school education. The construction of toilets also helps …show more content…
Human excreta encourages the transmission of many infectious diseases including cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, polio, cryptosporidiosis, and ascariasis. Diarrhea – a disease directly related to poor sanitation – kills one child every 20 seconds, i.e. more than 4,000 children every day. This amounts to more deaths than AIDS, malaria and measles combined. Lack of sanitation thwarts the right to dignity. Sick and elderly people face a loss of dignity when sanitation facilities are not available in the near vicinity. Open defecation also strikes out the privacy of an individual which is a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. The various environmental laws which have passed by the Indian Parliament and State Legislatures are based on the concept of recognition of clean environment as a ‘human right’ and ‘fundamental right’. Clean environment has been given emphasis by the Supreme Court in several of its judicial decisions and judicial opinions. Clean environment is the basic need for the survival of humanity and it cannot be ensured without ecological imbalance, thus, this right belongs to all as survival of mankind depends in clean, healthful or pollution-free
“The 1910 Report of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching… further heightened expectations for substantial improvements in the quality of medical care and in the general health of the population” ( Winkelstein, Jr., 2009, p. 44). Issues such as major medical care problems and public safety existed in US cities after industrialization. The emerging progressive era would work to correct sanitation and medical system issues which lead to the US improving conditions. Most of the U.S. population would not acknowledge that there were any problems and these institutions would try to exclude certain people from having access to any health programs. In the Progressive era issues in the healthcare and sanitation systems were improved
Sanitation was not top priority in ancient times. The latrines were placed in public areas allowing ten to twenty people at a time, with no privacy. Toilet
Between 800 and 735 B.C, Rome built its first sewers to improve cleanliness in the city. The Roman sewers were an improved version of the older Etruscan sewers. The Roman sewers consisted of latrines which connected to the toilet bowl and took the raw sewage underground, under the city to be dumped out in a lake or other body of water outside the city. At first, the only people who were able to get latrines were the wealthy because the latrines were very expensive. Then, in about 60-70 A.D, Rome started building public toilets because their
The focus of health care is and has always been, practicing good hygiene, living a healthy lifestyle, and having a positive attitude reduces the chance of getting ill. Although there is not much prevention we can take for some of the diseases but we can certainly practice good hand hygiene to prevent infection and its ill effects. Research proves that hand washing is surely the most easy and effective way to prevent infection in health care. The question for this research: Is Hand washing an effective way to prevent infection in health care? It led to the conclusion that due to the high acuity, high patient: staff ratio, and lack of re evaluation certain units in the health care facilities cannot adhere to correct hand washing guidelines. Hand
At the beginning of the semester, I thought that environmental justice was justice for the environment, which is true to a point, but I now know that it is justice for the people. Only when there is a people that have been wronged, usually using the environment as the the method of delivery, does it become an environmental justice case. Environmental justice ensures that all people, regardless of income level or race, have a say in the development and enforcement of environmental laws. It acts on the philosophy that anyone living on and in the land should have a say on how it is treated and used. Sometimes when developing legislature, the populations in mind are not all affected equally, and if said population
During the time frame of the 5th century to the 15th century, disposing of waste into the street was the only way to get rid of the waste. This was extremely dirty and unhealthy. Sir John Harrington developed a flushable water closet for Queen Elizabeth I in 1596. A watchmaker named Alexander Cummings enhanced the design of the toilet in 1775. Making the water trap to stop the flow of foul odors coming back through the pipes. Thomas Crapper then came along in the 1800's and polished up all of the inner workings of the toilet, leading to what is still used today in our toilets.
Many of the poorer Brazilians are not provided with proper sanitation in the rural areas. Between 1988 and 1993 ninety-five percent of the urban population had adequate water supply and only 61 percent of the rural population had access to an adequate water supply. Many rural dwellers had to depend upon wells and privies and not service for their disposal system and the urban population received service. Housing i...
Avoiding infection or, at least, breaking the chain of transmission is vital in any setting, but more so in healthcare environments where infections and vulnerable hosts are moving under the same roof. What needs to be done, then?
The majority of towns and cities have an underground system of pipes and sewers which transports wastewater to the treatment facilities, but what is wastewater and how do we clean it? Why do we clean it? Wastewater is the water which has been used, polluted and discharged by homes, businesses, industries, and in certain cities rainwater water is included.
The consumption of contaminated water can be dangerous for health reasons and several people have passed away from these water-borne diseases. Some of these diseases include Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, Giardiasis, and Malaria. These unfortunate diseases are currently the cause of numerous deaths, especially in small children. The availability of clean water can prevent many problems in low-income communities. The available resources for clean water are very rare, so these water sources need to pass through a process of water sanitation in order to just be sustainable to drink, “The world’s surface is made up of approximately 80% water, which is an indestructible substance.
Laws, especially environmental laws, should be created and put in place to prevent the massive and unsustainable use of resources in the environment. “Local-global relationships conducive to sustainability” (Braun, 2005: 640) should be developed and implemented world over to try to enforce and reinforce global, political and economic change towards sustainability.
Domestic households and industrial and agricultural practices often produce wastewater that can cause rivers and lakes to become polluted. This is typically called sewage and wastewater pollution. Sewage is a term for wastewater that usually contains feces, urine, and laundry waste. With there being billions of people on earth, treating sewage is a big priority. Untreated sewage can contam...
Wastewater is the combination of water-carried or liquid wastes starting in the sanitary conveniences of dwellings, industrial or commercial facilities. In addition to this, surface water, groundwater and storm water may also be present. It is any water that has been badly affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It contains waste from residential, industrial and commercial processes. Municipal water contains industrial wastewater, sewage and gray water. Gray water is the water from sinks and showers. Large industries also produce wastewater.
Today talking about environmental issues lately to be like a common topic discussion until people take it for granted. However, the world facing a complex environmental problems related to each trouble that connected to one another and come out with greater impacts to the environment and humans. This is because the effects of environmental only can be seen in long term period rather than immediately result show up. Environmental issues must become one of the controversial matters in the society in order to make people know the truth what the world currently facing. There were a lot of environmental disaster happened such as climate change, global warming, various of pollutions, earthquake and etc. the rise of environmental issues begin with this urban development occur through several countries following with the technologies equip along. For sure, development will cause a huge negative impact to the environment if it deals without a care. Besides, the environment is the place in the ecosystem to hold and use in finding resources to continuously survive in this world. Thus, the finding and digging for the resources which happening extensively without preservation will not restore the surrounding similar with before. But then, the change cannot be refuse and people need to take an action to save the threaten the world and the ecosystem from being extinct. If each country has own output in causing an environmental problem, then consider the world to hold all the damage occurred. Exposing the effects of environmental issues throughout the world, make people realize the important to take care the environment.
Separate cleaning equipment shall be provided for use in toilets, public areas and external areas. (Unsure)