Advantages And Disadvantages Of Waste Water Treatment

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Recommended: Scarcity and conservation of water

Introduction:

Water is one of the most important substances on earth. All plants and animals must have water to survive. If there is no water, there would be no life on earth. It covers about 71% of the Earth’s surface, and is vital for all known forms of life. But only 2.5% of the Earth’s water is fresh water.
Continuing population growth is significantly reducing per capita water availability and increasing industrialization and urbanization. Due to industrialization and urbanization, it is becoming more polluted and risk of this polluted water consumption and its sanitation problem is increasing day to day in most of the developing countries. Climate change is exerting additional, chronic strains on water resources, potentially shifting
In order to achieve different levels of contaminant removal, individual waste-water treatment procedures are combined into a variety of systems, classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary waste-water treatment. More rigorous treatment of waste-water includes the removal of specific contaminants as well as the removal and control of nutrients. Natural systems are also used for the treatment of waste-water in land-based applications. Sludge resulting from waste-water treatment operations is treated by various methods in order to reduce its water and organic content and make it suitable for final disposal and reuse.
There are different approaches to secondary treatment: trickling filter plants, Constructed Wetlands, activated sludge plants, and waste stabilization ponds, Up-flow anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) which are used in the wastewater treatment Plant.
Comparison of different Waste Water Treatment
These aerobic bacteria then break down the waste within the wastewater.
Some systems utilize a pretreatment stage prior to the main treatment processes, as well as more treatment and sanitizing prior to release into the environment. Anaerobic bacteria (bacteria that live in environments that contain no oxygen) transform organic matter in the wastewater into biogas that contains large amounts of methane gas and carbon dioxide.
Often used to treat industrial wastewater that contains high levels of organic matter in warm temperatures.

Usage Used in rural areas or small communities where central sewage systems would be costly or impractical to implement.
Used when site or soil conditions are not amenable for septic (anaerobic) systems.
Used when the water table is too high for effective septic system use. Small-scale systems can be used to treat individual households or several households in a shared facility. In developing countries where centralized wastewater treatment systems are cost-prohibitive to build and implement, small scale anaerobic treatment systems are a viable option, and may include on-site, community on-site or off-site

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