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Strengths and weaknesses of learning styles
FACTORS AFFECTING LEARNING STYLES
Strengths and weaknesses of learning styles
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Adult Learning Educations a key component to the development of mankind; however, there is a distinct difference in the education of adults versus the education of children. It is not practical to assume a learning style used for a kindergartener would be applicable for an adult business person. In fact, pedagogy, or the science of learning, can help explain the constructs required to teach and learn in life and the classroom. Understanding the class of learners and the distinct backgrounds they may have is critical to effective teaching (Kelly, 2006). A class of adults from one state or region may not learn the same as one from another; therefore, understanding the specific needs of an audience is imperative to effective learning.
Andragogy Andragogy is a word that describes the theory of adult education. The majority thinks of children when education is described; however, it is important to understand the distinction of how adult learning differs from that of a child. An adult’s motivation is dependent on the process of learning rather than the content of the material (Instructional design, 2016). Adult learning and an adults needs to understand why he or she is learning separates them from a child’s
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The fact that the micro biologist disagrees with the instructor’s notion of minimal life in the desert does not deem the lesson invalid; consequently, it is simply not relevant to the biologist’s level of education. Motivation plays a key role in this scenario; in fact, it is up the biologist to determine what portion of the lesson requires retention or further processing (Blanchard & Thacker, 2013). The training content was geared towards a child’s perspective and early learning basics; therefore, the educated biologist should reserve judgment and consider the prospective of a child learning the basics of desert
Pedagogy is the passive trends from transfer of information from teachers to students, Andragogy is about active information seeking by the learner. Pedagogy assumes that students comes into the classroom with no life experiences to build on. Andragogy assumes that students have prior experiences that they can apply to the learning process. In Pedagogy teaching structure is subject-oriented, In Andragogy learning is less instructed and more relevant, relevance to real life issues are usually more essential using Andragogy as compared to Pedagogy. Pedagogy assumes that students have few internal motivations to learn and must rely on rewards and punishments. Andragogy assumes students have more internal motivations to learn. In Pedagogy students are dependent on teachers, In Andragogy students are more independent and responsible for their own learning. Pedagogy is more authoritarian model and Andragogy is more collaboratively learning model. In summary Pedagogy is more suitable for children in most cases and Andragogy is more suitable for adults in most
Adults are self-motivated. They learn best by building on what they already know and when they are actively engaged (Lindeman, 2010). The approach of adult education revolves around non-vocational ideals and is based on experience rather than subjects (Lindeman, 2010). It helps adults gain knowledge about their powers, capacities, and limitations (Funnell et al, 2012).
What is andragogy? Andragogy consists of a theoretical model of six assumptions that was developed by Malcolm Knowles in order to “distinguish adult learning and adult education from other areas of education” (Mirriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner, 2007, p. 83). And so, andragogy might also be defined in terms of the efforts of “multiple researchers and scholars” (Henschke, 2011, p. 35) searching for a way to “establish andragogy as a proven theory and strong method for teaching adults” (Henschke, 2011, p. 35). But why is the topic of andragogy important for both adult learners and teachers? It is important because in order to effectively teach adult learners we must first “be cognizant of the differences which adult students bring to the classroom” (Schultz, 2012, p. 1) and to also understand that among adult learners, there exist “varying expectations and reasons for learning” (Schultz, 2012, p. 1). Andragogy is more¬over important to adult learners and teachers because both “learners and educators alike can use [it] to strengthen the learning transaction” (Mirriam et al., 2007, p. 84). With this brief definition of andragogy, along with the corresponding reason for its importance in mind, what now follows is what this paper is going to be about. The topic of this paper is an evaluation of whether or not the traditional learning environment is conducive to learning for adult learners as opposed to the andragogical environment. And the dual purpose hereof is to first briefly relate my own personal experience in a traditional learning context (under the heading of a ‘Traditional Learning Environment’), and then to reflect upon whether or not that traditional context (this time under the heading of ‘Andragogy Reflection’) i...
Andragogy assumes the following about adult learners: 1) self-concept becomes self directed, 2) life experience and knowledge is a valuable resource that builds further learning, 3) possess a readiness to learn, 4) motivation to learn is based on a problem solving approach with an immediacy of application (Werner & DeSimons, 2009). Moreover, this implies, that irrespective of age, successful learning require learners to possess certain attributes such as: a level of self-efficacy, motor reproduction abilities plus motivational need in order to influence learning potential while applying andragological techniques such as collective planning, self-determination and peer collaboration to enhance these qualities (Werner & DeSimons, 2009). In addition to these assumptions, older and younger adults, whether Baby Boomer or Gen Y, can and do have similarities and differences in their learning abilities which is dependant on their individual situation, and these differences need to be considered when assessing learning needs (Bohlinger & van Loo, 2010). Distinctions can lie within the same generational cohort as much as between them, with the differences becoming apparent as people age due to job involvement and career stage (Rocco, et al.,
Older adults are a very knowledgeable population and have had a lot of life experiences. As people age, things start to change physically, mentally, and socially. It’s important to understand the process of aging, so that older adults can be taken care of properly. I interviewed P.R. who is a 71-year-old male that lives alone in his home. P.R. is a retired coal miner, and is currently living off his social security and savings. He lives close to both his daughter and son, who frequently help him out with things that are needed. P.R. was able to give me a lot of insight about specific challenges that he has experienced in his life that is associated with aging. I will be discussing challenges that P.R experienced physically, mentally,
In adult learning there have been few styles of learning but Malcolm Knowles theory has been around for nearly forty years. (Merriam, 2007) Knowles came up with six assumptions for his theory. Maturity helps one become more independent and self-directing. As an adult experiences life this makes their experiences a good resource. The adult’s readiness to learn that is associated with their work and social role. (Merriam, 2007) “ There is a change in time perspective as people mature-from future application of knowledge to immediacy of application. Thus, an adult is more problem centered than subject centered in learning.” (Merriam, 2007, p. 84) Adults are motivated internally and they need to know why they are learning. (Merriam, 2007) Andragogy theory is a good way for instructors to encourage their students to learn and this will help them be successful.
Hiemstra, R., & Sisco, B. (1990). Moving from pedagogy to andragogy. Foundations of Adult Education: Critical and Contemporary Issues, Retrieved from http://www-distance.syr.edu/literature.html
One theorist that is relevant to this study is Malcolm Knowles’s theory of adult learning. Though Malcom Knowles may not be the first one to introduce adult learning, he was the one that introduced andragogy in North America. (McEwen and Wills 2014). Andragogy means adult learning. The core concept of Knowles’s Adult learning theory is to create a learning environment or awareness for adults to understand why they learn .Knowles
In order to understand the functional relationship between learning and memory we have to first define what both learning and memory are. Learning can be described as “the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, practice, or study, or by being taught” (Merriam-Webster, 2014). “Memory is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present” (Sternberg, 1999). Base on this definitions one can conclude memory is essential part of our lives. Without any memory of the past, we would not be able to operate in the present or reminisce about the future. We would not be able to remember what we did a few days ago, what we have accomplished today, or what we intend to do tomorrow. Without memory our ability to learn would not exist. Learning and Memory are linked to our cognitive abilities as well as that of animals. An example that can be used to show the relationship between learning and memory is the study of how a rat behaves in a maze. As we all know rats have been used in experimental mazes since at least the early 20th century. Hundreds if not thousands of studies have looked at how rats run different types of mazes, from T-maze, to radial arm mazes, and to water mazes. These maze studies help scientist study spatial learning and memory in rats. Maze studies helped us uncover general principles about learning that can be applied to several species, including mankind. In today’s modern societies, mazes tend to be used to determine whether different treatments affect learning and memory in rats. According to Kolata al, 2005 case study the tasks that comprise the learning battery were specifically chosen so that each one placed specific sensory, motor, motivational, and info...
Andragogy also known as adult learning theory. According to Malcolm Knowles adult learning is based on the concept of self-directed and autonomous learners. Teachers only facilitator in learning. Learning process may be different from each others depending on situation, experience, aptitude and attitude. Malcolm Knowles theory of Andragogy has six principles.
Zinn, L.(1998). Identifying your philosophical orientation, and Philosphy of adult education inventory. In M. Galbraith (Ed.), Adult learning methods: A guide for effective instruction (2nd ed., pp. 37-72). Malabar, F.L: R. E. Kreiger.
Teaching the adult student is a great and unique responsibility; Andragogy preaches that teaching the adult learner takes a certain skill set and approach in order to be highly effective. The adult teaching theory and approach is based off the characteristics of the adult student. Andragogy views the adult learner as a very highly motivated student, a student ready and prepared to learn, and a student that comes to class with expectations of learning (Knowles 1984, pg12). With such a capable learner in the classroom the teacher must make the necessary adjustments. When teaching the adult learner, the teacher will have respect for their students and respect the fact that each student will have their own individual learning style. The teacher will also allow the adult student to experie...
Andragogy is the way adults learn, as opposed to pedagogy, the way children learn. The term was first introduced by Alexander Krapp in 1833. It was later popularized by Malcolm Knowles as he described his theory of adult learning. He had 6 theories as to how adults learn: 1. Learners need to know- Why am I learning this?
Becoming an adult, also known as young adulthood, is a very crucial stage in one’s life. This is the climax of physical and health processes. This is the point in life when we make plans of our futures. It is the time when we think of what life will be like as an adult and make plans for the future. Most importantly, it is when we lay the starting point for developmental changes that we will undergo throughout our lives. An adult is a person who is fully grown or developed. Some people believe that you become an adult when you are 18 years old, other believe you are an adult when you can legally buy and consume alcohol, that is, at age 21 in the United States. Others believe that you are an adult when you are supporting yourself
Humans are so different when learning that there are not enough names to describes all the ways of learning that exist, as each person has a different one. Learning is a process in which we get to know things about a subject that we do not have much knowledge about and we try to understand the concepts behind it. Each one of us has specific needs, factors or strategies that influence this process and helps it to be as productive as it can be. Personally I think that we all, by the time we get into college, know our specific needs, factors and strategies in which we tend to study and learn in a more productive way. In terms of needs I tend to prefer studying with someone as this helps me to share ideas and also be an auditory learner. The factors that are