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Empirical review on activity based costing
Empirical review on activity based costing
Types of business organisation and ownership
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This paper is going to identify three type of companies that use different costing systems (job costing system, process costing system, and activity-based costing allocations (ABC) ). Also, this paper is going to compare and discuss the similarities and differences you see in the companies. Deloitte & Touche is one of the well-known auditing and consultation companies that provide services that vary due to thee requests and the needs of the customers. That means all costs related to the service provided to the customer will be charged on that service and no transfer of the cost of the service to any other stage because services are provided according to the costumers' orders. Therefore, job costing system is the appropriate costing system for Deloitte & Touche . Wrigley is a company that produces Gum; and it is …show more content…
Assign overhead costs to the activities identified in step 1. 3. Identify the cost driver for each activity. 4. Calculate a predetermined overhead rate for each activity. 5. Allocate the overhead cost to the product (Heisinger, K., & Hoyle, J, (n.d.), para.12). In summary, the costing system a company adopts is controlled based on the nature of the production process and the link between the production stages. All of the costing systems deal with allocating the cost of material, labor, and overhead. However, the allocating process differs from a company to another due to the nature of the production process and the link between the production stages as clarified above in the applied examples of the job costing system, process costing system, and activity-based costing allocations (ABC). References Heisinger, K., & Hoyle, J. (n.d.). Managerial Accounting 1.0 | FlatWorld. Retrieved from https://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/reader/4402?e=heisinger_1.0-ch03_s03 Product Cost Flows in a Process Costing System. (n.d.). Retrieved from
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing method that is usually used as a supplement to a company’s usual costing system, and is therefore used for internal decision-making. It is designed to inform managers of costing information for decisions (strategic and others) that potentially affect capacity and consequently “fixed” as well as variable costs. In addition, ABC can also be used to pinpoint activities that would benefit from process improvements.
John Deere Component Works (JDCW), subdivision of John Deere and Co. was in charged specifically of the manufacturing of tractor component parts. The demand for JDCW’s products had problems due to the collapse of farmland value and commodity prices. Numerous and constant failures in JDCW’s competition for bids, alerted top management to start questioning their current costing methods. As an outcome, the analysis has to be guided to research on the current costing methods with the intention of establishing legitimacy and to help the company in adopting a more appropriate costing system.
For instance, ABC might identify a distribution channel as non-remunerative or non-value adding. Such channeling might however be non-profitable, but aid in achieving some other strategic objectives. Conclusively, the review of activity based costing benefits and shortcomings suggests that although ABC has many uses and has aided in renovating many firms, the establishment of lean accounting methods such as Economic Value Added and Balanced Scorecards that focus on eradicating cost allocations and permit thorough accounting, measurement and control systems, has made activity based costing tend to become obsolete. However, ABC still has many supporters, notably in some business-intelligence software applications and the US Marine
The costing system is a system that is used throughout businesses that offer a service. “A standard costing system uses standard costs and quantities of all three types of manufacturing costs: direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead” (Blocher 2016 p. 97). Companies utilize the costing system to monitor the actual product usage compared to prior usage. Contractor use this system when bidding on jobs; once they collect specific instruction for the requested job they factor in the amount of material, labor, and other overhead costs then provide a quote for the assignment. “Strategic cost management is deliberate decision-making aimed at aligning the firm's cost structure” (Anderson & Sedatole 2003). Red Lobster and Kroger are examples
Delta Air Lines is one of the biggest airlines in the world and continues to grow, due to the constant innovation they bring. Activity-based costing (ABC) systems have a two-stage procedure often used when companies are distributing overhead costs to the respective product or service. In the first step, the activities are described and the overhead costs are placed into cost pools. In the second step, the overhead costs are distributed to a product line from each cost pool (Hilton). In the figure below, you will see an example of the two stages of the ABC system.
Process costing System is an accounting expression which describes one method to determine the manufacturing costs to the units manufactured . Processing is typically used when similar units are mass produced. Also process costing system is a type of accounting process costing which is used to determine the cost of a produced inventory. Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) defines process costing as " The costing method applicable where goods or services result from a sequence of continuous or repetitive operations or processes. Costs are average over the units produced during the period, being initially charged to the operation or process "( College Accounting Coach, 2007). Process costing is more important and appropriate for all businesses producing identical products during which production is an ongoing flow. Toyota is on the of the major companies in the world that used well-known new philosophic management to produce identical products using process costing system.
should not use the traditional method over the ABC costing method. Although the Traditional method is easier to implement, this method doesn’t take into account that Woodward Farm Inc. uses an automated process in order to produce goods.Therefore in this method, due to the automated process, direct labour hours is most frequently used in order to calculate the overhead cost. Under the traditional method other cost drivers such as quality control and soldering activities would not be accounted for which results in an inaccurate representation of the actual image of the company 's progress. Therefore if traditional method is used to compute the overhead, this could lead to inaccurate and wrong managerial
Cost accounting is the “measuring, analyzing and reporting of financial and nonfinancial information relating to the costs of acquiring or using resources in an organization.” (Horngren, Datar, Rajan, 2012). There are many different methods available to determine the cost of each various stage or product involved in producing a cost object, this paper will explore the differences and similarities between job costing and process costing.
g is an important tool that can help management in making informed decision. Though it is not legally required but still it is necessary to run an entity effectively. Cost accounting is turned toward the future. There are different methods of costing in Cost Accounting: Absorption costing and Variable costing. Both have some merits over the other.
According to Heisinger and Hoyle (2012), job costing is used to record all the incomes and expenses relating to that special product, the unit cost information is derived from the job cost sheet and it involves only one work-in-process inventory account. It is also used for small production jobs, entails detailed record keeping due to the fact that time and materials used for a particular job must be charged directly to the job and the record kept might be used as billing to customers. On the other hand, process costing system is the approach used to
Others feel that ABC would be more widespread in industry if it were marketed better by the cost accounting profession itself [1]. As the dust has settled, ABC has turned out to be less a revolutionary technique than a useful refinement to proven systems. The costs of products and services must be accurate, or management can be misled. Decisions... ...
The technique of using standard cost for the purposes of cost control is known as standard costing. It is a system of cost accounting which is designed to find out how much should be the cost of a product under the existing conditions. The actual cost can be ascertained only when production is undertaken. The predetermined cost is compared to actual cost and the variance between the two, enables the management to take necessary measures.
Cost accounting system has two types, job order costing, and process cost system. These two cost systems are very different, almost every company uses order costing or process costing. Starbucks, is a coffee shop where citizens congregate to drink there morning coffee, study, and or socialize. Starbucks is one of the oldest and largest privately held specialty coffee retailer in the United States. (Starbucks) Their passion is to discover the flavors you love and always bring it home, delivering the look, taste and aroma of the world’s best coffee and teas. Job order costing is a very easy way in order to help Starbucks managers to know how much profit their company (Starbucks) made.
Companies that either produce a product or provide a service must have effective costing systems in order to manage their costs with the objective of making more profit. Among several costing systems out there today, we find Process Costing. Process Costing is a system for organizations to keep track of goods produced and the costs needed to produce them. Generally, the Process Costing system is used when the products manufactured and/or produced are identical or very similar, such as bottles of bleach, tooth paste, hardware tools. Electrical Appliance Manufacturers and Automobile manufacturers typically use Process Costing mainly because almost all products they make are similar and mass produced.
“Cost is a measurement, in monetary terms of the amount of resources used for the purpose of production of goods or rendering services” - Cost Accounting Standards of ICWA of India