Describe the Beck’s Cognitive Behavioral Theory and approach to psychotherapy In the 1960s, Aaron Beck was practicing psychoanalyst and wanted to show that the theory of psychoanalysis was empirically valid as a concept for depression (Beck, 2011). Dr. Beck’s experiments showed evidence different from what he expected. In anticipation of conceptualizing depression, he observed that depressed individuals tend to have unprompted negative thoughts and he referred to these thoughts as automatic thoughts (Beck Institute, n.d.). Then he started to evaluate patients based on these automatic thoughts and realized that it effectively helped patients feel better. He called this form of psychotherapy as Cognitive Therapy, which is also referred to as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Beck, …show more content…
When we think positive thoughts, we tend to act in a more positive manner (Beck, 2011). When an individual only have negative thoughts, these thoughts could cause some dysfunctions that could negatively affect the individual. Hence, the development of anxiety, depression, and other behavioral conditions. According to Beck (2011), “The cognitive model proposes that dysfunctional thinking (which influences the patient’s mood and behavior) is common to all psychological disturbances” (p.3). CBT theory is congruent with the learning theory with emphases on the need for an individual to learn to think in a realistic and positive manner (Beck, 2011). Dr. Beck explained that spontaneous thoughts which he referred to as automatic thoughts tend to erupt when there is the existence of a negative mindset (Beck, 2011). In order to minimize these automatic thoughts, CBT helps the individual understand their dysfunctional beliefs or thoughts and guides the person to learn to evaluate their thinking in a more adaptive manner (Beck,
This paper will have two sections: The first section will be a brief explanation on what is depression. In addition, what is the percentage of depress people in the United States. Furthermore, it will discuss in details several theories that are best suited to treat depression disorder. Moreover, the theories that will be briefly discussed are as follows: Cognitive Therapy (CT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). The second section will be a summary of a counseling session the learner had with a client and the treatment that was given to help alleviate and ceased the depression from reoccurring.
Beck, MD, provides the understanding of how dysfunctional thinking is common to all psychological disturbances and can influence a person’s mood and behaviors and vice versa ( ). Through CBT, the therapist looks deeper into the client’s thoughts-their beliefs about themselves, the world, and others. When these thoughts are changed to a more positive view, behaviors and feelings often will project a more positive change as well. With adolescents who struggle with Oppositional Defiant Disorder, CBT has been shown to be quite effective in treating this disorder. It is used often times to break the cycle of emotion-thought-behavior. The cycle is explained as a person feeling an emotion which then leads to a particular thought that makes them uncomfortable which then leads to the negative behavior occurring that then creates another negative feeling and the cycle continues. CBT is then used to change this cycle by creating a more realistic thought that the child can then view in terms where they are more under control and can help them to see their fallacies in thinking, which then lead to them being able to behave in a more appropriate way. ( ) Children often do not look or even understand these thoughts or feelings and thus then act impulsively with their behaviors. With Tanyia, CBT has helped her in addressing her feelings of inadequacy and abandonment, which then create the thoughts that she is not loved or that no one
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy appears to be a new treatment, although its roots can be traced to Albert Ellis’s Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy, published in 1962. Cognitive therapy assumes that thoughts precede actions and false self-beliefs cause negative emotions. It is now known that most depression treatments have cognitive components to them, whether they are recognized or not. In the 1970’s many psychologists began using cognitive components to describe depression. From there, they developed cognitive forms to treat depression with impressive results (Franklin, 2003).
Beck, J. S. (2005). Cognitive therapy for challenging problems: What to do when the basics don't work. New York: Guilford Press
The Psychodynamic Theory has not proven itself to be very effective. It helps people more when it is paired with other approaches, and is now the starting point, or basis, in other types of therapy (Comer, 2011).
CBT and rational emotive behaviour therapy REBT (Ellis, 1955) rely on self-reflection and evaluation in order to achieve success. CBT utilises the stimulus -response (SR) model (Pavlov, 1903). Reflexive response to stimulus (Gross, 2005) becomes modified to stimulus –cognition- response (SCR) (Beck, 1967). This introduces a reflective element, similar to the input- processing -output schema found in the computational model of the mind (Putman, 1961, 1988; Fodor, 1979). Decision-making and rationality (Jones and Pulos, 1993) are employed in order to negotiate knowledge of internal influence. Once this knowledge is perceived cognitions are evaluated and reassessed before rational alternatives are generated (Ellis, 1962). Thereby introducing the possibility of transformation. CBT is most effective with anxiety disorders (Beck et al 1985; Schoenberger et al, 1997; Brown 2007) and eating disorders (Baker and Nash, 1987; Griffiths et al, 1996). Meta analysis also supports the use of CBT with depression (Gaffan, Tsaosis, Kemp-Wheeler, 1995; Butter and Beck, 2000). However, whilst some studies suggest that CBT is most effective when used alone i.e. without drugs (Marks, Swinson, Basoglu, Kuch, N...
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy provides a collaborative relationship between the client and the therapist with the ultimate goal of identifying irrational beliefs and disputing those beliefs in an effort to change or adapt behavior (Corey, 2013). The developers of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy saw humans as capable of both rational and irrational thoughts and able to change the processes that contribute to irrational thinking (Corey, 2013). CBT is a more direct approach than some other therapy theories practiced today in that it challenges the client to identify aspects about their self through cognitions. This therapy, as discussed in Corey (2013) also provides an educational component such that therapist teach clients tools to effectively change the way they think to a healthier way. There are a multitude of techniques associated with CBT such as shame attacking exercises, changing ones language...
Hollon, S. D. (2010). Aaron T. Beck: The cognitive revolution in theory and therapy. Bringing psychotherapy research to life, 63-74.
In it's simplest form, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, (or CBT as it will be referred to from here on out), refers to the approach of changing dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts to realistic and healthy ones. CBT encompasses several types of therapy focusing on the impact of an individual's thinking as it relates to expressed behaviors. Such models include rational emotive therapy (RET), rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), behavior therapy (BT), Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT), Schema Focused Therapy, Cognitive therapy (CT). Most recently a few other variations have been linked to CBT such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectic behavioral therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) (Harrington and Pickles, 2009). The main aspect that all of these branches of therapy share, is that our thoughts relate to our external behaviors. External events and individuals do not cause the negative thoughts or feelings, but, instead the perception of events and situations is the root cause (National Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapists, 2010).
These types encompass Cognitive Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), and Multimodal Therapy. For instance, an individual anguish from a quiet confidence that activates negative thoughts about his or her capacity or display. As a result of these patterns of negative thinking, the person might start averting social issues or passing up opportunities for advancement (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). Cognitive behavior therapy frequently adapted for clients who are comfortable with contemplation. For CBT to be efficient, the Client must be eager to evaluate his or her logic and feelings. Such rumination may be difficult, but it is an excellent way to acquire how internal states impact outward behavior. Cognitive behavior therapy is also appropriate for people looking for an interim alternative treatment that does not inevitably contain pharmacological medication. One of the assets of CBT that aid clients was developing coping strategies that may be beneficial both now and in the
Beck, A. (1978). Cognitive therapy of depression (The Guildford Clinical Psychology and psychopathology series). New York, N.Y : Guildford Press.
Taubner, Svenja. Kessler, Henrik. Buchheim, Anna. Kachele, Horst. Staun, Lenka. (2011). The Role of Mentalization in the Psychoanalytic Treatment of Chronic Depression. , 74(1), p49-57.
Klein, Daniel N., et. el (2004) Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy as a Maintenance treatment for Chronic Depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, v.72, i4, pg. 681(8)
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of treatment that focuses on examining the relationships between thoughts, feelings and behaviors (NAMI, 2012). It is designed to modify the individual’s normative dysfunctional thoughts. The basic cognitive technique consists of delineating the individual's specific misconceptions, distortions, and maladaptive assumptions, and of testing their validity and reasonableness (Beck, 1970). By exploring thought patterns that lead to maladaptive behaviors and actions and the beliefs that direct these thoughts, people with mental illness can alter their thought process to improve coping. CBT is different from oth...
Psychophysical dualism — the distinction between mind and body — is the counterposition between essentially irreducible elements: the mind and body. Such a dualism implies the main ontological problem of the philosophy of cognitive science and philosophy of mind: the mind-body problem (MBP). The dualism and the referred-to problem has been insistently discussed in the philosophical tradition and several solutions have been proposed. Such solutions are properly philosophical or require a scientific approach. First, I will expound the philosophical solution to the MBP proposed by Descartes, to be followed by an exposition of Ryle's criticisms to the solution. Second, from Ryle's criticism, I will deduce a scientific solution to the MBP related to the neural framework model of mind in cognitive science by means of what I call 'the principle of the embodiment of the mind.' Finally, I shall point out the philosophical difficulties that are to be found in using such a principle.