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Historical development of counselling
Compare and contrast psychodynamic and humanistic therapies
Compare and contrast contemporary approaches to psychology
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Recommended: Historical development of counselling
A Brief Comparison of Historical Paths for the Clinical and Counselling Streams of Psychology The current practices of the clinical and counselling psychological streams are not entirely dissimilar as both are concerned with the application of psychotherapy, education, research, and instruction (Mayne, Norcross, & Sayette, 2000; Norcross, 2000). Clinical psychology is primarily concerned with the assessment, treatment, and study of populations who experience severe mental illness (Bechtoldt, Campbell, Norcross, Wyckoff, & Pokrywa, 2000; Norcross, 2000) clinical psychologists mostly employ behavioral and psychoanalytic theoretical orientations when treating clients (Norcross, 2000). In contrast, counselling psychologists generally aim to support people who, while not typically suffering from severe mental illness, need assistance in overcoming the emotions associated with traumas such as loss of employment, marital dissatisfaction, loss of friend or family member, addiction (Geldard & Geldard, 2012; Gladding, 2013). Primarily they employ client-centered and humanistic methods of theoretical orientation (Geldard & Geldard, 2012; Gladding, 2013; Norcross, 2000). Many clinical psychologists choose to employ a variety of theoretical orientations depending on factors such as setting and the type of mental illness they are treating (Gabbard, 2005; Kemp, 2014). For example, a clinical psychiatrist who is treating someone suffering from severe depression will often use a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy as well as medication to treat the illness (Kemp, 2014). A common belief concerning the prescription of psychiatric medicine is that a drug’s side effects may in fact create new problems (eg. dependency) that the individ... ... middle of paper ... ...ounseling psychology (2000-2001 ed). New York: Guilford. McLellan, A. T., Lewis, D. C., O'Brien, C. P., & Kleber, H. D. (2000). Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness: implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation. Jama Press, 284(13), 1689-1695. Norcross, J. C. (2000). Clinical versus counseling psychology: What’s the diff. Eye on Psi Chi, 5(1), 20-22. Pope, M., & Sveinsdottir, M. (2005). Frank, we hardly knew ye: The very personal side of Frank Parsons. Journal of Counseling & Development, 83(1), 105-115. Rector, N. A., & Beck, A. T. (2001). Cognitive behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: an empirical review. The Journal of nervous and mental disease,189(5), 278-287. Reisman, J. M. (1976). A history of clinical psychology. Ardent Media. Watson, R. I. (1953). A brief history of clinical psychology. Psychological bulletin, 50(5), 321.
Smith, H. B., & Robinson, G. P. (1995). Mental Health Counseling: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Counseling & Development, 74(2), 158-162
Turkington D, Dudley R, Warman DM, and Beck AT (2006) Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Schizophrenia: A Review Focus, Spring 2006; 4: 223 - 233.
Addington, J., Piskulic, D., & Marshall, C. (n.d). Psychosocial Treatments for Schizophrenia. Current Directions In Psychological Science, 19(4), 260-263.
Roth, A., Fonagy, P. (2005). What works for Whom? A Critical Review of Psychotherapy Research. US: Guilford Press.
Liehr, P, Marcus, M, Carroll, D, Granmayeh, K L, Cron, S, Pennebaker, J ;( Apr-Jun 2010). Substance Abuse; Vol. 31 (2); 79-85. Doi: 10.1080/08897071003641271
My interest in pursuing a doctorate degree in counseling psychology has been influenced by a combination of life experiences and an unquenchable thirst for knowledge. Though the path which has led me to this destination is complex, the journey has provided me with the clarity and insight necessary to understand human behavior from a holistic perspective. As I approach the completion of my masters degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, I am faced with the unsettling realization that I have more questions than I do answers. This has fueled my innate desire and motivation to continue challenging myself by attaining a doctorate degree from the University of North Texas.
Sheperis, C. J., Young, J. S., & Daniels, M. H. (2010). Counseling research: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Boston: Pearson.
Molitior Nancy “The 411 on Clinical Psychologists: Here’s the Truth” Your mind your body. 20 Nov 2009. Web. 14 Feb 2014
Juan R. Bustillo, MD et al, (2001), The Psychosocial Treatment of Schizophrenia, American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 163-175.
1) Corey, Gerald Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 6th edition, Brooks and Cole, Stamford, CT p. 153.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of treatment that focuses on examining the relationships between thoughts, feelings and behaviors (NAMI, 2012). It is designed to modify the individual’s normative dysfunctional thoughts. The basic cognitive technique consists of delineating the individual's specific misconceptions, distortions, and maladaptive assumptions, and of testing their validity and reasonableness (Beck, 1970). By exploring thought patterns that lead to maladaptive behaviors and actions and the beliefs that direct these thoughts, people with mental illness can alter their thought process to improve coping. CBT is different from oth...
Murdock, NL 2004, Theories of counselling and psychotherapy: A case approach, Pearson/Merrill/Prentice Hall, New York.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was developed largely in part by Dr. Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s. As a psychiatry professor at the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Beck was on a mission to create wide-acceptance of psychoanalysis through a variety of experiments. The result of his experiments, however, led him to develop what he believed to be a better, short-term, more effective treatment called Cognitive Behavioral Therapy—an intervention that stresses the importance of the role of cognition in understanding behavioral or emotional issues. Although the intervention was largely demonstrated as successful in depressed clients, he adapted this new therapy to fit varying types of populations and problems (Beck, 2011).
Corey, G. (2011). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. (ninth ed., pp. 291-301). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.